resolvevt.

1. make a determined decision; decide firmly 下决心 e. g. 1. He resolved not to tell her the truth. 2. She resolved against an early start. Usage:

resolve on / upon / against sth. / doing sth. 决定 / 反对做?? resolve that… / resolve to do… 决定??

2. solve or settle (problems, doubts, etc.) 解决（问题、疑问等） e. g. The crisis was resolved by negotiations.

3. separate (sth.) into it?s different parts 分解或解析（某物） e. g. DNA samples were extracted and resolved. 提取了DNA样本并进行分析。

evident a.[(to)] easy to see, notice, or understand[常与to连用]明白的，明显的 e. g. 1. It soon became evident that she was seriously ill. 2. It was evident to me that he was not telling the truth. Synonym: obvious, apparent

exhausteda. extremely tired 筋疲力尽的

e. g.1. I was exhausted every day when I first started teaching, but I?m used to it now. 2. The exhausted troops surrendered.

discourageda. no longer having the confidence one needs to continue doing sth. 灰心丧气的 e. g.1. Hartman was so discouraged about the way his performing career was going, that he

gave up acting for writing.

2. A lot of players get discouraged and quit. Verb: discourage

Noun: discouragement

somewhatad. by some degree or amount; a little; rather 有几分，稍微，有点 e. g.1. This year?s celebrations should be somewhat larger than last year?s. 2. The situation has changed somewhat since we last met.

refresh vt.

1.make less hot or tired; bring back strength and freshness to 使感到清凉；消除…?的疲劳；使恢复精神

e. g.1. Karl awoke feeling calm and refreshed. 2. He refreshed himself with a cool shower.

2. remind oneself/sb. of facts by referring to notes, etc.（藉助笔记等）使自己或某人想起 e.g. Just refresh my memory: were you born in York? 请再告诉我一次: 你是在约克郡出生的吧?

sufficienta. [(for)] rather fml enough; as much as is needed for a purpose[常与for连用]〖较正式〗足够的，充足的

e. g.1. Sales were not sufficient to make a profit. 2. Is ￡100 sufficient for your expenses? Synonym: enough, adequate Antonym: insufficient

consent

vi.[(to)] rather fml give one?s permission or agreement (to a course of action) [常与to连用]〖较正式〗准许；同意，赞成

e. g.1. He consented to give us a talk on the current international situation. 2. Her father reluctantly consented to the marriage. n. permission to do sth. 允许，同意

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e. g. She was chosen as leader by common consent. Collocations:

with/without sb?s consent 取得某人同意 give/grant (your) consent 给予批准 refuse/withhold (your) consent 不批准 obtain (sb?s) consent 获得允许 prior consent 事先同意 written consent 书面许可 verbal consent 口头许可 parental consent 父母同意

informed consent 获知所有情况后给予的同意 tacit consent 默许

surplusn.& a.(an amount) additional to what is needed or used 过剩的（量），剩余的（量），多余的（量）

e. g. 1. We have a trade surplus of 400 million pounds. 我们有4亿英镑的贸易顺差。

2. Surplus grain is being sold for export.

undergovt.(underwent, undergone) experience (esp. sth. unpleasant, unwelcome, or difficult) 经历，经受；遭受（尤指不好的事）

e. g.1. Teachers are supposed to undergo mid-career training and development. 2.Some children undergo a complete transformation when they become teenagers. Synonyms: experience, go through Collocations:

undergo training接受培训

undergo a change/transformation 发生变化 / 蜕变

undergo treatment/surgery/an operation接受治疗 / 手术 undergo tests/trials经历各项检测 / 磨难等

favourablea.winning favour and approval 博得好感的；赢得赞许的

e. g. 1. She has formed a favourable impression of him, as an intelligent and sincere man. 2. It?s encouraging to receive a favourable report on one?s work.

remark

vt.say esp. sth. that one has just noticed; give as an opinion 谈到，说起 e. g.1. She remarked to us that she found our story very strange.

2. The similarities between the two have often been remarked on. Usage:

remark on / upon sth. / sb. 谈论 / 评论某事 / 某人 remark that…说起??

n. [C] thing said or written as a comment; observation 评论；察觉

e. g. Her remarks on the employment question led to a heated discussion. Synonym: comment Collocations:

make the remark 评论说

a critical/personal etc. remark批评性的 / 个人的等言说

introductory/opening/concluding remarks介绍性 / 开场 / 总结性言论 in sb?s remarks据某人所说

Expressions:

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work out out of in sb’s/sth’s favour in (a) large/great measure add to come on/upon in the meantime

work out (sth.)

1. AmE pay (a debt) with work instead of money〖美〗（以工作）抵偿（债务） e. g.Johnhas offered to work out the debt, but I want the money back immediately. 2. calculate sth. 计算，算出

e.g. I?ve worked out your share of the expenses at 10. 我已经计算出你应分摊的费用是10英镑。 3.find the answer to sth.; solve sth. 找出处理某事物的方法; 解决某事物 e.g. Can you work out what these numbers mean? 你能理解这些数字是什么意思吗?

4. devise sth.; plan sth. 设计某事物; 计划某事物 e.g.The general worked out a new plan of attack.

5. (usu. passive) exhaust (a mine, etc) （通常用于被动语态）挖尽（矿产等） e. g. The silver mine has been worked out. work out

1. develop in a specified way; turn out 按某种方式发展，结果 e.g. Things worked out quite well. 事情的结果很不错。 2. train the body by heavy physical exercise 做大运动量的锻炼 e.g. I work out regularly to keep fit.

add to increase 增加

e. g. 1. The boss complained that pollution added to risks and costs. 2. The bad weather only added to our difficulties.

out of not having; without 缺乏，没有

e. g. 1. What happens if the bank runs out of money? 2. I?m beginning to feel out of patience. 我觉得有些不耐烦了。

come on / upon [no pass.] come across[无被动语态]（偶然）遇见；碰上；发现 e. g. 1. I came upon this website as I was looking for a solution to my problem. 2. We came on a group of students having a picnic at the edge of the forest.

in sb’s / sth’s favour to sb.?s/sth.?s advantage 对??有利

e. g.1.It was wrong of her to have bent the rules in Mary?s favour. 2. The new rules should actually work in your favor.

in the meantime meanwhile（与此）同时；在间隔时间里

e. g. 1. I didn?t see her for another five years, and in the meantime she had got married and had

a couple of kids.

2. Marks are important for entering university, so keep studying, and work hard. In the

meantime, keep thinking about what you are learning.

in (a) large / great measure to a large extent or degree 在很大程度上，多半

e. g. 1. Their success is due in (a) large measure to their determination and courage.

2. His failure is in great measure due to lack of confidence.

Section B Difficult Sentences

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1. I heard one tell the other that not only was the school established for the members of my race, but that opportunities were provided by which poor but worthy students could work out all or a part of the cost of board, and at the same time be taught some trade or industry. (Para. 1) 1) Translate the sentence into Chinese.

Answers for reference:

我听到一个人对另一个说，学校不仅是为了我的种族成员而专门建立的，而且也会提供机会，使穷苦但上进的学生得以支付全部或部分食宿费用，同时也能学会一门手艺或技术。

2) Translate the Chinese sentence into English, copying the above italicized patterns.

山姆告诉我们那次他们不但把钱全丢了，还几乎丢了性命。 Answers for reference:

Sam told us that not only did they lose all their money, but that they came close to losing their lives.

2. I had not been away from home many hours before it began to grow painfullyevident that I

did not have enough money to pay my fare to Hampton. (Para. 3)

1) Please translate the sentence into Chinese, paying special attention to the italicized parts.

Answers for reference:

我离开家，走了还没几个小时，我就清楚而痛苦地意识到，靠我身上这点钱是到不了汉普顿的。

2) Translate the following sentence into English, using “not…before” pattern.

大家和平日子没过两年，国家又陷入了内战。 Answers for reference:

They had not lived in peace for a couple of years before the country was plunged into the civil war again.

3. At last I became so exhausted that I could walk no longer. I was tired; I was hungry; I was

everything but discouraged. (Para. 5)

Translate the following sentence into English by imitating the above sentence from the text. Make sure you use the italicized patterns.

最终我变得非常富有，我可以买得起自己想要的一切东西。然而，我却一点都不快乐：没有人爱我，我也不爱任何人。 Answers for reference:

At last I became so rich that I could afford anything I desired. Yet, I was everything but happy for no one loved me and I loved no one.

4. For some time she did not refuse to admit me, neither did she decide in my favour… (Para.

7)

…and never did any youth pass an examination for entrance into Harvard or Yale that gave him more genuine satisfaction. (Para. 10)

1) What special sentence pattern is used in these two sentences? Answers:

Inversion (倒装).

2) Make two sentences with inversion, using “neither” and “never”. Answers for reference:

For a long time Jane didn?t say no and neither did she agree to go with us. Never have I seen anything so spectacular like this.

Section C COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS ▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 1)

Q: What did the author hear about when working in the coal-mine one day?

A: He heard two miners talking about a school for coloured people somewhere in Virginia. Q: Why did the school appeal to the author?

A: Because the school was set up for black people like himself, and it provided poor but

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worthy students with the chance to work to pay for all or a part of the cost of board, at the same time as teachingthem some trade or industry.

▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 2)

Q: What decision did the author make after hearing about the school? A: He at once made up his mind to attend the school.

Q: Why did the author make a quick decision to go to that school? A: He must have been hoping for such an opportunity for a long time.

▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 3)

Q: What did the author take with him on the way? A: Only a small, cheap bag with some clothes.

Q: How far is the distance from his hometown to the school? A: About five hundred miles.

Q: What trouble did the author run into when he was half way on the road? A: He realized he did not have enough money to pay the fare to his destination.

▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 4)

Q: What kind of situation was the author in when he reached the city of Richmond late one

night?

A: He was tired, hungry and dirty. He was completely out of money. He had not a single

acquaintance in the city,and, being unused to city ways, he didn?t know where to go.

▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 5)

Q: How did the author spend his first night in Richmond?

A: He walked the streets till he became too exhausted to walk any longer. Then he found an

elevated sidewalk and lay under it for the night on the ground.

Q: How did the author earn some money for his breakfast the next morning?

A: He earned some money for his breakfast by helping unloading a cargo of pig iron from a

large ship.

▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 6)

Q: How much money was left when the author finally reached his destination? A: Only fifty cents.

Q: What came to the author?s mind when he first saw the large, three-story, brick school

building?

A: Immediately he felt rewarded for all that he had undergone. He felt his life began to have

a new meaning.

▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 7)

Q: Why was the head teacher hesitant about admitting him as a student at first?

A: Because having been so long without proper food, a bath, and change of clothing, he

looked worn-out and shabby and did not make a favourable impression upon her. She might think he was a worthless loafer or tramp.

Q: Why did the author feel uncomfortable when he saw the head teacher admitting other

students?

A: Because he felt that once given the chance to prove himself, he could do just as well as

they.

▇ Comprehension questions (Paras. 8-9)

Q: Why did the author work so hard to clean the room?

A: Because he realized his future depended upon the impression he made on the head

teacher.

Q: Why did the head teacher finally agree to admit him as a student?

A: Because he had done an excellent job in cleaning the room, which convinced the head

teacher that he had the qualities needed to study at the school.

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