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锤片型饲料粉碎机结构设计与分析

摘 要

饲料粉碎机的主要功能是用来粉碎各种精饲料（如玉米、高粱）和粗饲料（如糠壳类、茎秆类和藤蔓类等）。锤片式饲料粉碎机于1975年制定形成联合设计系列，并制定标准。锤片式粉碎机也是现如今使用较多、度电产量较高、粉碎效果较好的一种机型。本毕业设计中的锤片式粉碎机内部采用的是常用的锤片式结构，粉碎室结构呈水滴型，其饲料由粉碎机顶端流进并得以粉碎。本设计传动装置为带传动，电动机通过V带带动主轴上带轮运转进而使转子旋转，转子上的锤片高速转动将饲料粉碎。同时，锤片撞击物料可将饲料中等粉碎，饲料最终被碎成细小碎粒。

设计的主要是部分是设计传动装置，相比于多种传动装置，最终采用V带传动，因V带是挠性件，并且带传动可以缓冲、吸振。有电动机带动带运转，利用大小带轮直径大小改变转动速度，使主轴以一定速度转动，并带动主轴上的转子和转子上的锤片转动并粉碎饲料。粉碎后的饲料经下方的筛网过滤后得到经粉碎的饲料粒，整个粉碎过程结束。

关键词：锤片；主轴；带传动；

ABSTRACT

The main function of the feed mill is used to crush all kinds of fodder (such as maize, sorghum) and fodder (such as bran crustaceans, stem and vine type, etc.). Hammer mill feed formulation form joint design series in 1975, and the development of standards. Hammer mill is now used more, higher electricity yield, crushing a better model. The graduation of the hammer mill is commonly used within the structure of hammer, grinding chamber structure was water drop, after its feed from the mill to the top of the feed hopper into the crushing chamber material to be crushed. The design of the belt drive gear motor through V-belt pulley driven spindle running turn the rotor rotates. Meanwhile, the hammer striking the material feed medium may be pulverized feed eventually crumbled into small crumb.

The main part of the design is to design gearing, compared to a variety of gear, the eventual adoption of V belt drive, because the V-belt has good flexibility, and the belt drive can be buffered, vibration absorption. A motor driven belt running,the spindle is rotated at a constant speed and drive the hammer rotor and the rotor to rotate on the spindle. High-speed rotating hammer to feed into the crushing chamber were hit, and eventually rupture. Screen crushed beneath the feed by filtering to obtain pulverized feed grains, the end of the entire grinding process. KEY WORD: Hammer; Spindle; Belt Transmission;

第一章 前言 ··································································································· 1

1.1 设计的背景及相应的问题 ······································································ 1

1.1.1 背景 ························································································ 1 1.1.2 存在的问题 ··············································································· 1 1.2 设计的目的和意义 ··············································································· 1 1.3 设计的关键和流程 ··············································································· 1 第二章 粉碎机结构的确定 ················································································ 3

2.1 各类粉碎机简介 ·················································································· 3

2.1.1 冲击式粉碎机 ············································································ 3 2.1.2 振动粉碎机 ··············································································· 3 2.1.3 胶体磨 ····················································································· 3 2.1.4 锤片式粉碎机 ············································································ 4 2.1.5 齿爪式粉碎机 ············································································ 4 2.2 关于锤片式饲料粉碎机的几点说明 ·························································· 5 2.3 确定生产率和基本结构 ········································································· 5 2.4 粉碎机工作过程 ·················································································· 6 第三章 传动装置的设计 ··················································································· 7

3.1 各种传动方案比较 ··············································································· 7 3.2 确定电动机 ························································································ 7 3.3 带传动的设计 ····················································································· 8

3.3.1 确定计算功率 ············································································ 8 3.3.2 选择V带的带型 ········································································· 8

3.3.3 确定粉碎机主轴带轮基准直径dd并校验其带速v ······························· 8 3.3.4 确定中心距a和基准长度Ld·························································· 9

3.4 带轮的结构设计 ················································································· 10

第四章 粉碎机特性参数的确定 ········································································· 12

4.1 锤片的末端线速度V ············································································ 12 4.2 转子直径D和粉碎室内壁宽度B的确定 ··················································· 12

4.2.1 转子工作直径D ······································································· 12 4.2.2 粉碎室宽度B ·········································································· 13 4.3 转子转速n的确定 ·············································································· 13 4.4 锤筛间隙?R ····················································································· 13 4.5 确定粉碎机的生产率Q ········································································ 13 4.6 配套功率N ······················································································ 14 第五章 粉碎机主要零部件设计 ········································································· 15

5.1 锤片的选择 ······················································································· 15 5.2 筛网设计 ·························································································· 15 5.3 转子设计 ·························································································· 16 5.4 喂料部分设计 ···················································································· 16