所以在298.15K的标准态时不能自发进行.
8. (查表时注意状态,计算时注意乘系数)
??rGm(298.15K) ?1kJ.mol??rSm(298.15K)J.mol?1.K?1(1)3Fe(s)?4H2O(l)?Fe3O4(s)?4H2(g) 307.7 -66.9 (2)Zn(s)?2H?(aq)?Zn2?(aq)?H2(g) -23.0 -147.06 (3)CaO(s)?H2O(l)?Ca2?(aq)?2OH?(aq) -184.3 -26.9 (4)AgBr(s)?Ag(s)?1Br2(l) -51.4 96.9
29.答案: (1) SnO2 =Sn +O2 (2) SnO2 +C =Sn + CO2(3) SnO2 +2H2 =Sn +2H2O (g)
?Sm(298.15K)J.mol?1.K?1 52.3 51.55 205.138 52.3 5.74 51.55 213.74 52.3 2×
130.684 51.55 2×188.825
??fHm(298.15K)kJ.mol?1-580.7 0 0 -580.7 0 0 -393.509 -580.7 0
0 2×(-241.818)
??rSm(298.15K)J.mol?1.K?1 (1)204.388 (2)207.25
(3)115.532
??rHm(298.15K)kJ.mol?1 (1) 580.7 (2)187.191
(3)97.064 Tc>
??rHm(298.15K)??rSm(298.15K) (1)2841K 903K
(3)840K(温度最低,合适)
10.答案: C12H22O11(s)+12O2(g)=12CO2(g) +11H2O(l)
?Sm(298.15K)J.mol?1.K?1?rS?m(298.15K)
360.2 205.138 213.74 69.91 =11×
??fHm(298.15K)kJ.mol?1 -2225.5 0 -393.509 -285.83
??rHm(298.15K)?-5640.738
??rGm(273.15?37K)?-5640.738-310.15×(512.034÷1000)=-5799.54kJ.mol-1
?(298.15K)=-5796.127 kJ.mol-1 温度对反应的标准吉布斯函数变有影响,(?rGm但由于该反应的熵变相对于焓变小(绝对值),故变化不大) 做的非体积功= 5799.54kJ.mol-1×30%×3.8/342=19.33 kJ 11.答案: 查表
?rS?m(298.15K)=-214.637
??fHm(298.15K)?Sm(298.15K)J.mol?1.K?1 197.674 130.684 186.264 188.825
kJ.mol?1 -110.525 0 -74.81
?(298.15K)?-206.103 -241.818?rHm
???rGm(523K)??rHm(298.15K)-523K×?rS?m(298.15K)
=(-206.103)-523K×(-206.103÷1000)=
-93.85 kJ.mol-1
???rGm(523K)?(?93.85)?1000lnK(523K)???21.58
R?523K8.314?523?K??e21,58?1021.58/2.303?109.37?2.35?109
12. 答案:设平衡时有2Xmol的SO2转化 2SO2(g)+O2(g)=2SO3(g)
起始 n/mol 8 4 0
n(始)=12mol
平衡时n/mol 8-2x 4-x 2x
n(平衡)=(12-x)mol
根据PV=nRT T V一定时
SO
2
n(始)P(始)?
n(平衡)P(平衡)
12300 ?12?x220 2x=6.4mol
的转化率=6.4/8=80%
peq(SO3)26.42202()(?)?p8.8100 K??eq?eq1.622020.8220p(SO2)2p(O2)?)?(?)()?()(??8.81008.8100ppK??(6.428.8100)???80 1.60.8220 (注意在计算时可不用先计算分压,列综合算式更方
便计算)
13.答案:该反应是可逆反应,需要H2的量包括反应需要的量1mol和为维持平衡需要xmol(最少量)
peq(H2S)()?peq(H2S)neq(H2S)1.0p?K??eq?eq==0.36
xpeq(H2)p(H2)n(H2)()p? x=2.78mol
需要H2的量=1+2.78=3.78mol(注:该反应是反应前后气体分子数不变的,在标准平衡常数表达式中系统的总压和标准压力在计算时可以在分式中消去,否则在计算时必须知道平衡时总压才能根据平衡常数计算.) 14.在不同温度时反应的标准平衡常数值如下: T/K 973
?K1
K?2
1.47 2.38 0.618
1073 1.81 2.00 0.905 1.67 1.287
1173 2.15 1273 2.48
1.49 1.664
K1?K3??K2? 答:反应3的标准平衡常数 (如上)
(因为随温度的升高平衡常数增大,故是吸热反应)
???rHm(298,15K)(T2?T1)K215.答案:利用公式ln??求K2?
RT1?T2K1?K2?92.31?1000(500?298.15)?代入数据ln=-15.03
8.314?298.15?5004.9?1016
010
?K2=e?15.03?4.9?1016=1.4×1
16.答案:查数据计算
?Sm(298.15K)J.mol?1.K?1CO2(g)?H2(g)?CO(g)?H2O(g)
213.74 130.684 197.674 188.825
?rS?m(298.15K)=42.075J.mol-1.K-1
??fHm(298.15K)kJ.mol?1??rHm(298.15K)? -393.509 0 -110.525 -241.818
41.166kJ.mol-1
???rSm(298.15K)
??rGm(873K)???rHm(298.15K)-873=41.166kJ.mol-1-873K×
0.042075kJ.mol-1.K-1