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《英语语音》课程教学教案
Unit 1
Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit8
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Phoneme and Transcription
The Pure Vowels The Diphthongs
Rules of Reading of English Vowel Letters The Consonants Connected Speech (1) Connected Speech (2) Connected Speech (3)
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Unit 1 Phoneme and Transcription
Purpose:
The students will learn some basic concepts in English pronunciation. We are going to learn something about syllables, stress and rhythm in English. At the same time, they will learn to say greetings and farewell with appropriate pronunciation and intonation in English.
Objectives: Students will be able to :
1. Define - in their own words a definition for “syllable” and “stressed
syllable”, then a definition for “rhythm” and “rhythmic pattern”;
2. Compare – based on the understanding of the basic concept, compare the
degrees of stress and different rhythmic patterns;
3. Practice – imitate the typical stress patterns and rhythmic patterns in
English.
Activities and Procedures:
1. Begin by asking the class to find out how much the students know about stress patterns and rhythmic patters in English, make sure that it serves the purpose of stimulating the students to think about the issue and have the desire to find out the answers themselves.
2. Display examples by playing the recording of the native speakers showing the typical stress patters and rhythmic patterns in English.
3. Ask the students to listen to the tapes to mark out the stressed syllables in words. 4. Ask the students to listen to the tapes to mark out the stressed words in sentences. 5. Have the students imitate the stress patterns and rhythmic patterns to experience the rhythm in speech.
6. Have the students share what they have learned by reading out the practice materials in pairs.
7. Have the students listen to the conversations recorded by native speakers of English and try to get the rhythmic patterns in their speech.
8. Have the students practice the guided conversation. Ask them to pay special attention to the stress the rhythm in speech.
9. Highlight the language function in the conversation in the practice.
10. Have several pairs of the students present their conversation in the class.
11. Comment on the students’ performance by highlighting the achievement of the students and the efforts they need for the improvement.
12. Ask the students to do more practice after class and get ready for presentation during the next
session.
Basic Concepts: Syllables, Stress & Rhythm
In this unit, we are going to learn some basic concepts in English pronunciation. We are going to learn something about syllables, stress and rhythm in English. At the
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same time, we are going to learn to say greetings and farewell with appropriate pronunciation and intonation in English.
First of all, let’s look at the syllable in English. Please listen to the following word: driveway.
Now, tell me, how many syllables there are in this word? Right. There are two. Please listen to the following sentence: Drive him away.
Tell me, how many syllables there are in this sentence? Right. There are four.
Introduction
So. What is a syllable?
A syllable is a word part and the basic unit of English rhythm. English words can have one, two, three or even more syllables. In the word ‘driveway’, there are two syllables. In the sentence ‘Drive him away’, there are four.
What is a stressed syllable?
In English words with more than one syllable, one of them will receive more stress than the others. Stressed syllables are those that are marked in the dictionary as stressed. For example, in the word ‘driveway’, the first syllable is a stressed syllable while the second syllable is not.
Stressed syllables in English are usually longer, louder, and higher in pitch. Listen to the following example:
ba NAAAA na
Syllable 1 Syllable 2 (short) (long)
Syllable 3
(short)
The word \has 3 syllables. Syllable 1 is not stressed and so is short. Syllable 2 is stressed and so is long with a clear vowel sound /
:/. Syllable 3 is not
stressed and so is also short.
Here is a short summary about the stressed and unstressed syllables:
Stressed syllables are strong syllables. Unstressed syllables are weak syllables. Stressed syllables:
- are long
- have a pitch change - have full vowel sounds.
Unstressed syllables:
- are short
- often have a reduced vowel sound.
Now let’s look at the rhythm in English.
We all know that correct pronunciation of the individual English sounds is important in communication. The way the sounds are organized, however, is often more crucial for understanding. The rhythm of English, for example, is one of the two major organizing structures that native speakers rely on to process speech.
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