In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ① (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ② word.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road,③ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over ④ top.When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines ⑤ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ⑥ (fair)unpleasant for the passsengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using ⑦ every day.
Later,engineers ⑧ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ⑨ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most ⑩ (success) of these new lines,and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages,and proved extremely popular with the public.
7、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October , while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ① (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer , and she noticed a ② (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed ③ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “she thought I had hurt ④ (I),”says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years ⑤ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ⑥ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband ⑦ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ⑧ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ⑨ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was ⑩ wonder.
8、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When we plant a rose seed in the earth, we notice it is small, but we do not criticize it as “rootles and stemless”. We treat it as a seed, ① (give) it the water and nourishment required
② a seed.
When it first ③ (shoot )up out of the earth, we don't condemn(指责) it as ④ (mature) and underdeveloped,⑤ do we criticize the buds for not being open when they appear. We stand in wonder at the process ⑥ (take) place, and give the plant the care it needs at each stage of its development.
The rose is a rose from the time it is a seed to the time it dies. Within it, at all times, it contains its whole potential. It seems to be ⑦ (constant) in the process of change: Yet at each state, at each moment, it is perfectly all right ⑧ it is.
A flower is not ⑨ (good) when it blooms than when it is merely a bud; at each stage it is ⑩ same thing—a flower in the process of expressing its potential.
参考答案：
一、阅读理解 1.
答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A
解析： 1.根据第一段最后一句UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures可知,教科文组织将4月30日定为国际爵士乐节,是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的意义与价值。故正确答案为D。
2.根据第二段Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations此处that指代上一句爵士乐在年轻一代不受欢迎,所以此处C项“爵士乐不太受年轻人欢迎”,符合题意。故正确答案为C。
3.根据第五段The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same可知Moran认为爵士乐要与时俱进,C项意为“跟上时代的步伐”符合题意。故正确答案为C。 4.本文主要讲,教科文组织将4月30日定为国际爵士乐节,让人们意识到爵士乐的意义与价值,以及改善爵士乐不受年轻人的欢迎的处境,探索爵士乐的未来。A项,“探索爵士乐的未来”符合题意。故正确答案为A。 2.
答案： 1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D
解析： 1.根据第一段第三句前半句Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you…可知,太阳能蒸馏器设备必须被携带。因此其是可以携带的。其余选项文章均未提及。故正确答案为D。
2.根据第二段划线词组前面的句子可知,其为蒸馏器的制作过程以及放置地点。后面的increase productivity为增加产量。因此可以推断该词组为蒸馏器。故正确答案为B。 3.根据第三段Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.可知最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock“放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间,把它压下去”,故正确答案为C。
4.根据文章随后一段第二句Ground water evaporates and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知,地面上的水蒸发并且在塑料布上,形成小水滴后落在被子里。因此可以得知水滴来自塑料布下方。故正确答案为D。 3.
答案： 1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.C 4.
答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.A
二、语法填空 5.
答案： as; effects; to process; are removed; a; worse; is; eating; careful; which
解析： ①as 考查介词。句意:这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“做为,以……身份”,故填as。
②effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”,根据前文的some可知“副作用side effect”有很多,故填effects。 ③to process 考查不定式。句意:他们被要求加工食物require表示“要求”,require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”,被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。
④are removed考查被动语态。句意:当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉,分析可知fat,salt和move之间是被动关系,脂肪和盐分是被人民去掉,所以用被动语态。故填are removed。 ⑤a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”,句意结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
⑥worse 考查比较级。句意更糟糕的是,人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
⑦is 考查主谓一致。句意快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”,表示一类食物,为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
⑧eating 考查动名词。句意通过吃更多的快餐,人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词,所以填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。 ⑨careful 考查形容词。句意然而,注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语,故填careful。
⑩which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。 6.
答案： crowds ; from ; laying ; the ; were used; fairly ; it ; managed ; introduction ; successful
解析： ①考查名词,crowd前没有冠词,且它是可数名词,故填crowds. ②考查介词,to and from来回,故填from.
③考查动词,这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式,故填laying. ④考查名词,top是名词,前要用冠词,故填the.
⑤考查被动语态,根据句意:蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物,故填were used.
⑥考查副词,这里fair是形容词,pleasant也是形容词,所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词,故填fairly.
⑦考查代词,这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it.
⑧考查动词,本文全篇都是一般过去时,所以这里也应用一般过去时,故填managed. ⑨考查词性转换,空格前是the,后面应该是名词,故填名词introduction. ⑩考查形容词,空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级,故填successful. 7.
答案： carrots ; shiny/shining ; so; myself ; earlier; to cook; searched ; swept ; where; a 8.
答案： giving; of; shoots; immature; nor; taking; constantly; as; better; The