2. dots; dashes 3. media
4. point-to-point 5. analog 6. digital 7. text-based 8. modem
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. microwave radio 微波无线电 2. digital television 数字电视 3. DSL 数字用户线路
4. analog transmission 模拟传输 5. on-screen pointer 屏幕上的指针 6. computer terminal 计算机终端 7. radio telephone 无线电话
8. cellular telephone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机 9. decentralized network 分散型网络
10. wire-based internal network 基于导线的内部网络，有线内部网 11. 光缆 fiber-optic cable 12. 传真机 fax machine
13. 无线通信 wireless communications
14. 点对点通信 point-to-point communications 15. 调制电脉冲 modulated electrical impulse 16. 通信卫星 communication(s) satellite 17. 电报电键 telegraph key
18. 传输媒体 transmission medium (或media) 19. 无绳电话 cordless telephone 20. 金属导体 metal conductor
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
Data communications is the process of transmitting and receiving data in an orderly way so the data that arrives at its destination is an accurate duplication (复制) of the data that was sent. When data travels a short distance, such as when you send data from your computer to your printer, it is referred to as local communications. When data travels a long distance, the communication is referred to as telecommunications; the prefix (前缀) “tele” is derived from a Greek word that means “far” or “far off.”
The difference between a short distance and a long distance is somewhat arbitrary (武断 的). For example, if your computer sends data to a printer in the next room, it is regarded as local communications; if you phone the person in the next room, you are transmitting data over a telecommunications device. However, the same basic communications concepts apply to both local communications and telecommunications.
Basic data communications concepts are the building blocks for understanding how data travels on a communications system. These concepts come in handy (派得上用处) when you install, configure, or upgrade a local area network. In addition, these concepts help you set up
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modems, fax machines, and cellular data transfers.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
个人计算机使用电信来提供传输链路，用于传送音频、视频、文本、软件和多媒体
服务。许多专家认为，这些服务 的结合将带来用户对新一代高速、宽带网络的需求。当 前，这些音频、视频和文本服务大多通过现有的电话连接使用因特网传送。有些计算机 使 用综合业务数字网或数字用户线路直接连接到电话网的数字部分，但这要求在用户处 有专门的设备。此外，电话及有线电视公司还必须对其线路进行 升级，以使其能够进行 高速数据传输。在许多地点，有高速数据传输需求的公司和个人现在可选择从电话公司 得到数字用户线路服 务，从有线电视公司得到光缆调制解调器服务。 Unit Eight/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. MAN
2. open; closed 3. bus 4. token 5. Ethernet 6. client/server
7. equals; temporary 8. network
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. file server 文件服务器
2. carrier sense 载波检测，载波监听 3. protocol suite 协议组，协议集 4. peer-to-peer model 对等模型
5. bus topology network 总线拓扑网络
6. inter-machine cooperation 机器间合作，计算机间合作 7. Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协议集 8. proprietary network 专有网络
9. utility package 实用软件包，公用程序包 10. star network 星形网络
11. 局域网 local area network (LAN) 12. 令牌环 token ring
13. 无线网络 wireless network 14. 封闭式网络 closed network 15. 环形拓扑结构 ring topology
16. 客户机/服务器模型 client/server model 17. 网络应用程序 network application
18. 进程间通信 interprocess communication 19. 打印服务器 print server
20. 广域网 wide area network (WAN)
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
Computers can communicate with other computers through a series of connections and associated hardware called a network. The advantage of a network is that data can be
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exchanged rapidly, and software and hardware resources, such as hard-disk space or printers, can be shared. Networks also allow remote use of a computer by a user who cannot physically access the computer.
One type of network, a local area network (LAN), consists of several PCs or workstations connected to a special computer called a server, often within the same building or office complex. The server stores and manages programs and data. A server often contains all of a networked group’s data and enables LAN workstations or PCs to be set up without large
storage capabilities. In this scenario (方案), each PC may have “local” memory (for example, a hard drive) specific to itself, but the bulk of storage resides on the server. This reduces the cost of the workstation or PC because less expensive computers can be purchased, and it simplifies the maintenance of software because the software resides only on the server rather than on each individual workstation or PC.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
在计算机科学中，网络是指由通信设备连接在一起的一组计算机及其相关设备。网
络 可采用电缆等永久性连接，或者采用通过电话或其他通信链路而实现的临时性连接。 网络可以小到由少数计算机、打印机以及其他设备构成的局域 网，也可以由分布在广大 地理区域的许多小型与大型计算机组成。计算机网络无论大小，其存在的目的均在于为 计算机用户提供以电 子方式进行信息通信与传送的方法。有些类型的通信是简单的用户 到用户消息；有些称为分布式过程，可能涉及数台计算机，以及在执行任务中分担 工作 量或进行协作。
Unit Nine: The Internet Unit Nine/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. research
2. ICANN或the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers 3. router; gateway
4. temporary/dial-up; permanent/dedicated 5. ISP或Internet service provider 6. network; host 7. decimal 8. mnemonic
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机 2. IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址 3. autonomous system 自主系统 4. dial-up connection 拨号连接 5. network identifier 网络标识符 6. binary notation 二进制记数法 7. mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名
8. Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统 9. name server 名称服务器
10. Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构 11. 助记地址 mnemonic address 12. 网吧 cyber cafe
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13. 宽带因特网访问 broadband Internet access 14. 顶级域名 top-level domain (TLD) 15. 因特网编址 Internet addressing
16. 点分十进制记数法 dotted decimal notation
17. 因特网服务提供商 Internet service provider (ISP) 18. 专用因特网连接 dedicated Internet connection 19. 主机地址 host address
20. 硬件与软件支持 hardware and software support
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
Early computer networks used leased telephone company lines for their connections.
Telephone company systems of that time established a single connection between sender and receiver for each telephone call, and that connection carried all data along a single path. When a company wanted to connect computers it owned at two different locations, the company placed a telephone call to establish the connection, and then connected one computer to each end of that single connection.
The U. S. Defense Department was concerned about the inherent risk of this
single-channel method for connecting computers, and its researchers developed a different method of sending information through multiple channels. In this method, files and messages are broken into packets that are labeled electronically with codes for their origins, sequences, and destinations. In 1969, Defense Department researchers in the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) used this network model to connect four computers into a network called the ARPANET. The ARPANET was the earliest of the networks that eventually combined to become what we now call the Internet. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, many researchers in the academic community connected to the ARPANET and contributed to the technological developments that increased its speed and efficiency.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
因特网只是提供了将许许多多的计算机连接在一起的物理与逻辑基础结构。不少人 认 为，是万维网（WWW或简称the Web）为这个全球网络提供了“制胜法宝”。万维网 被视为因特网的内容，它通过使用管理与链接文本、图 形、声音和视频的一套丰富工具 来提供各种信息。在万维网上提供和查看信息，是使用服务器应用程序和客户应用程序 完成的。
如 果你已经探索过万维网，你就会看出客户端应用程序就是万维网浏览器。万维网 浏览器接收、解释和显示来自万维网的网页信息。用户可以在网页之 内浏览，可以通过 点击超文本链接跳到其他网页，也可以指向万维网上的几乎任何网页。 Unit Ten: Cyberculture Unit Ten/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. system 2. copyright 3. rights 4. deleted
5. formatting或format 6. signature
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7. screens 8. emoticons
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. mailing list 邮件发送清单，邮件列表 2. proprietary software 专有软件 3. cc line 抄送行 4. bcc line 密送行
5. forwarded e-mail messages 转发的电子邮件 6. e-mail convention 电子邮件常规 7. click on an icon 点击图标
8. confidential document 密件，秘密文件 9. classified information 密级信息
10. recovered e-mail message 恢复的电子邮件 11. 常用情感符 commonly used emoticon 12. 已删除电子邮件 deleted e-mail 13. 电子系统 electronic system 14. 附件行 Attachments line 15. 版权法 copyright law
16. 电子邮件网规 e-mail netiquette
17. 信息高速公路 information superhighway 18. 签名文件 signature file
19. 电子数据表程序 spreadsheet program 20. 文字处理软件 word processor
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
Instant messaging has always been a good way to stay in touch with friends. As
companies look to cut costs and improve efficiency, instant messaging is a good way to replace in-person meetings, while allowing people to collaborate (合作) through their
computers. Instant messaging is a valuable new tool that is becoming as common as e-mail in the workplace.
Several companies, such as Yahoo, AOL, and Microsoft, will give you free access to
instant messaging. To use their systems, you will need to download their software to your computer from their websites. Some instant messaging programs include the ability to send live audio or video. With a microphone and/or digital camera mounted on your computer, you can let other people see and hear you talking.
Most instant messaging programs ask you to sign in with a password (口令). Then, you can create a list of other people with whom you want to converse (交谈). To begin a conversation, send a message to the others to see if they are at their computers. Their
computers will open a window or make a sound to tell them you want to talk to them. If they respond, you can start writing back and forth.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
新技术带来的变 化速度对于全世界人们的生活、工作和娱乐方式产生了重要影响。 新兴技术对传统的教学过程以及教育的管理方式提出挑战。人们经常断言，推动当 今社 会发生变化的最强有力因素将证明是信息技术。信息技术虽然本身就是一个重要的学习
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