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of others and be suspicious of it; they must accept the praise of others and be even more suspicious of it. Writers cannot depend on others. They must detach themselves from their own pages so that they can apply both their caring and their craft to their own work.

Such detachment is not easy. Science fiction writer Rau Bradbury supposedly puts each manuscript away for a year to the day and then rereads it as a stranger. Not many writers have the discipline or the time to do this. We must read when our judgment may be at its best; when we are close to the best moment of creation.

Most people think that the principle problem is that writers are too proud of what they have written. Actually, a greater problem for most professional writers is one shared by the majority of students. They are overly critical, think everything is dreadful, tear up page after page, never complete a draft, and see the task as hopeless.

Therefore, the writer must learn to read critically but constructively, to cut what is bad and reveal what is good. At the end of each revision, a manuscript may look worked over, torn apart, pinned together, added to, deleted from, words changed and words changed back. Yet the book must maintain its original freshness and spontaneity.

11 What is the difference between a student and a professional writer toward their first draft?

A A professional thinks his first draft is better planned

B A student is less confident than a professional about the first draft C A student will read his first draft more seriously than a professional.

D A student sees the draft as his final work, while professional sees it as the initial of his work.

12 What might the word “journeyman” in paragraph 2 mean? A apprentice B tourist

C experienced while undistinguished worker D journalist

13 Why does Ray Bradbury put each manuscript away for a year before he rereads it?

A Because he does not like his own work B Because he feels writing is dreadful C Because he is a person of principle

D Because he needs to detach himself from his own work.

14According to this passage, which of the following statement is UNTRUE? A Both professional writers and students may feel writing a dreadful work. B Reading draft is different from reading finished writing.

C Professional writers should be suspicious in revising their drafts.

D Professional writers may always depend on other’s criticism in order to better their work.

15 What is the author’s advice for those in the process of draft progression? A Be tolerant one’s work

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B Tear up any page that betrays the original spontaneity C Keep it away and take it up again after at least a year D Be both critical and constructive.

Question 16-20 are based on the following passage

It was so hard to keep her eyes open. She had cleaned all day and now must rock the cradle into the night. Behind her slept the infant’s mother. Before her, the baby. Her hand rocked, and rocked, ever a little slower. She could force her wary eyes no longer. Her head dropped. And the cradle stopped.

A moment later her brief repose was shattered by a flash of fiery pain as an angry lash whipped across her neck. The infant had begun to cry when the cradle stopped. The mother had woken. And Harriet Tubman, the slave girl, was for a reason wide awake as adrenaline flooded her aching body.

Little did anyone realize it, but those cruel lashes would ultimately work against those who imposed them; for in her trials, Harriet was learning the endurance she would need in later years as she spent many sleepless nights leading hundreds of slaves to freedom.

Harriet’s own escape took place when she was in her early twenties. Rumour had it she and two of her brothers would be separated from their family and sent further south the following day, never to return. That night, Harriet and her brothers ran, guided only by the North Star and hearsay that “lovely white ladies” waited in the North to receive fugitives.

Some distance into the night, Harriet’s brothers grew frightened. There was no logical basis for hope that they would make it. The North was so far away, and search parties would be after them in the morning. Harriet’s brothers gave up and turned back. She could not convince them to press on, but press on she did. Along. Hiding by day and moving by night, appealing for food from those she prayed would be friendly---and were---Harriet crossed into free territory many days later.

“I had crossed the line of which I had so long been dreaming,” Harriet recalled, “I was free;”but there was no one to welcome me,…I was a stranger in a strange land, and my home after all was down in the old cabin quarter, with the old folks, and my brothers and sisters. But to this solemn resolution I came; I was free, and they should be free also; I would make a home for them in the North, and the Lord helping me, I would bring them all there.”

And this she did. She endured hunger and hardship, danger and difficulty, returning nineteen times to lead three to four hundred slaves to freedom—including all her family except one sister and her three children. When the Civil War began, Harriet severed as a scout and hospital nurse for the Union Army without pay, helping to free hundreds more of her people. Aptly she came to be known as “Moses” among northerner and southerner alike.

Toward the end of her life, as the first biography of Harriet Tubman’s life was being written, one of those who knew her well summed up Harriet’s character, saying “…Harriet’s willingness to endure hardship and face any danger for the sake of her poor followers was phenomenal.”

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16 When freeing slaves, Harriet endured all the following except___ A hunger B danger C hardship D desolation

17 Harriet’s brothers turned back because___ A they thought the freedom impossible B they were starving and had no food C they missed the rest of their family D they were frightened of being lost

18 According to the text, Harriet’s experience as slave could be a better basis for her ___later.

A health B optimism C endurance D bravery

19 From the sixth paragraph, we can see that___ A Harriet was very happy because she was not free

B Harriet felt a little isolated, but she was strong-minded to free other slaves C Harriet was disappointed with the North D Harriet lost heart

20 After reading the whole passage, we can safely guess that it is a___ A news report B novel C biography D critique

Part four Translation(50分)

1 Translate the following passage into Chinese (20分) A：

The spring of life, and the spring of the year were alike meant to be cradled in the green lap of Nature. To us, in the town, spring brings but its cold winds and drizzling rains. We must seek it amongst the leafless woods, and the brambly lanes, on the healthy moors, and the great, still hills, if we want to feel its joyous breath, and hear its silent voices. There is a glorious freshness in the spring there. The scurrying clouds, the open bleakness, the rushing wind, and the clear bright air, thrill one with vague energies and hopes. Life, like the landscape around us, seems bigger, and wider,and freer—a rainbow road, leading to unknown ends. Through the silvery rent that bar the sky, we seem to catch a glimpse of the great hope and grandeur that lies around this little throbbing world, and a breath of its scent is wafted us on the wings of the wild March wind.

B:

Vanity is motive of immense potency. Anyone who has much to do with children knows how they are constantly performing some antic, and saying “Look at me”.

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“Look at me” is one of the most fundamental desires of the human heart. It can take innumerable forms, from buffoonery to the pursuit of posthumous fame. One of the troubles about vanity is that it grows with what it feeds on. The more you are talked about, the more you will wish to be talked about. The condemned murderer who is allowed to see the account of his trial in the press is indignant if he finds a newspaper which has reported it will be with the one whose reports are meager. Politicians and literary men are in the same case. And the more famous they become, the more difficult the press-cutting agency finds it to satisfy them. It is scarcely possible to exaggerate the influence of vanity throughout the range of human life, form the child of three to the potentate at whose frown the world trembles. Mankind have even committed the impiety of attributing similar desires to the Deity, whom they imagine avid for continual praise.

2 Translate the following passages into English. (30分)

A:

北京的道旁多植槐树，当槐花挂满枝桠香飘四溢的时候，夏日就带着炎热和浓绿向人们来了。清晨，骑上自行车，加入上班的“洪流”，眼前闪动的是人们五颜六色的夏服。而8月盛夏，最高气温达到三十七八度时，不少姑娘穿起露肩、低胸、无袖的上衣，有的小伙子把背心捋上肚皮。在没有普及空调的普通人家，人们注意听着电视台的当日天气预报和查看日历，不时喊着“今天太热啦！”在惊呼、叹息中，盛夏似乎走得太慢了。

B：

科学是讲求实际的，科学是老老实实的学问，来不得半点虚假，需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时，科学也需要创造，需要幻想，有幻想才能打破传统的束缚，才能发展科学。科学工作者不应当吧幻想让诗人独占了。嫦娥奔月，龙宫探宝，《封神演义》上的许多幻想，由于科学发展，今天大都变成了现实。伟大的天文学家哥白尼说：人类的天职在于勇于探索真理。我们人民历来是勇于探索，勇于创造，勇于革命的。我们一定要打破陈规，披荆斩棘，开拓我国科学发展的道路。既异想天开，又实事求是，这是科学工作者特有的风格，让我们在无穷的宇宙长河中去探索无穷的真理吧！

Part five Composition (20分)

Write a composition of no less than 400 words on the topic given below: Lu Xun and the Notion of “Harmonious Society”

2011年参考答案

南开大学2011年基础英语真题答案（部分）

科目：基础英语

专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学 Part one Vocabulary (20分) 1 liquidating 2 pedagogy 3 temporal 4 craven 5 tantrum

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6 incurred 7 stimulation 8 paltry 9 waves 10 bigot 11 virtuosity 12 slumped 13 charisma 14 edify

15 consecrate 16 override 17 hallucinating 18 hone

19 ephemeral 20 havoc

Part two Cloze(10分) 1-5 AAACC 6-10 DCCBA

Part three Reading Comprehension (50分) 1-5BACBD 6-10 DACAB 11-15 DCDDD 16-20 DADBC

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