D. an extra job has been given to Smith

【答案】A

1. A study of travelers __________ （conduct）by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

【错因分析】conducting。有的考生以为此处为-ing形式作后置定语而误填conducting。 【试题解析】根据句意和句子结构可知，study和conduct之间为被动关系（同时注意空格后的介词by），所以使用过去分词作后置定语。 【参考答案】conducted。

过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。

过去分词作定语

?Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

?Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

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注意

当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

动名词作定语和动词不定式作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：

?a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking ?a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing ?a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading

不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。 ?I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。

2. What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to ＂air condition＂ a house without ________（use）electric equipment.

动名词和现在分词的同与不同

相同之处：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。

?Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful. 能做演讲，他肯定很开心。（现在分词短语，作状语）

?She hates speaking in the public. 她讨厌做演讲。（动名词短语，作宾语）

区别：

1）动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是：

a. 作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于＂是＂，通常把主语和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变。

?My hobby is swimming.可改为：Swimming is my hobby. 我的爱好是游泳。

b. 现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置，例如：

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?The story is interesting. 不可改为：Interesting is the story. 这个故事很有趣。 2）动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，区别在于：动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时表性质、状态或动作等。比较：

a swimming boy 一个正在游泳的男孩，即a boy who is swimming，现在分词swimming表示被修饰名词boy的动作。 a swimming suit 游泳衣，即a suit for swimming，动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。 常见考法

1. 动名词做主语时，谓语动词的数；

2. 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词；

3. 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语； 4. 有些词后只能接动名词；

5. 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法。 误区提醒

1. 动名词(短语)作主语，谓语数用错； 2. to作不定式符号和介词分不清； 3. 否定形式not位置不对； 4. 动名词和现在分词的用法弄混；

5. 只接动名词的动词和短语、句型识记不完整。

1.(2018·北京卷·单项填空) Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.

A. used B. to use C. using D. use 【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。

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2. I would appreciate __________ back this afternoon. A. you to call you’re calling

【解析】appreciate后可直接加动名词作宾语，也可加动名词的复合结构。故选C。 【答案】C

3. What worried the child most was __________ to visit his mother in the hospital. A. his not allowing C. his being not allowed

B. his not being allowed

D. having not been allowed

B. you call C. your calling

D.

【解析】错选C或D。本题为动名词复合结构作表语。Doing的否定形式not要加在前面，这点一定要注意。此外，此处应表被动，故选B。 【答案】B

4. __________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend C. The president attended attending

【解析】错选C。此句缺少主语。A、C为句子，但无引导词，故排除;B项逻辑上及形式上都不对。正确答案D，为一动名词复合结构。 【答案】D

5. On the bank of the river, we found him __________ on a bench, with his eyes __________ on a kite in the sky. A. seated; fixing

D. sitting; fixed

B. sitting; fixing

C. seated; being fixed

B. The president to attend D.

The

president’s

【答案】D

6. __________ by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain makes it a famous tourist attraction.

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