英语词汇学笔记整理

Part 1 前缀(Prefixes)

1. Negative prefixes

a-;an-缺少、缺乏

amoral(缺德) asexual(雌雄同体的) asymmetry(不均匀的) anarchy(无政府的) dis-否、不 dishonest non-非、否

non-black(非黑人区的) non-science non-smoker nonresistant(非抵抗) in-；i-；im-；ir-

complete——incomplete correct——incorrect

小结：清辅音[k],[f],[t]前的前缀加in-;唇音之前加im-;“l”前加il-;“r”前加ir-。所以加什么样的前缀由单词的首字母决定。

un-不

unhappy unfriendly infamous 2. Pejorative prefixes 表贬义

mal-不好的，坏的

maltreat(虐待) malformed(畸形的) malnutrition(营养不良的) malfunction(功能紊乱)

mis-错误的

misdial(拨错号) misleading(误导) misbehaved(行为不规范) misconception(错误的认知)

pseudo-错，假的

pseudoscience(伪科学) pseudo teaching(实习) 3. Reversative prefixes 表逆转的前缀

de-

defrost(除霜) deplane(下飞机) deindustrialization(非工业化的) decode(解码)

dis- 表示动作的逆转

disconnect(切断) dishearten(泄气) disown(抛弃) 4. Prefixes of degree or size

arch- means “most”\\”supreme”常带有贬义

archenemy archbishop(红衣大主教) arch monetarist(拜金主义者)

co- “joint” or “equally”

coexistence(共存的) combine colleague correspondence(通信联系)

小结：co-这个前缀根据所跟单词的首字母而发生变化

在元音前加co-；-b\\-p之前用com-;-l之前用col-;-f\\-c\\-g前用con-;-r之前用cor-

hyper-means “extreme”

hyperactive(过于活跃的) hyper cautious(过分小心的)

mini-means “little”

minibus miniskirt ministered minimal

maxi-means “big”

maxi coat maxi skirt

out-means “surpassing”,程度多，超过

outclass(优质的) outlive(长寿的) outgrow

over-means “excessive” 相当的，带贬义

overeat overweight overestimate(高估) overwork overjoyed(欣喜若狂

的) overflow(溢出)

sub- 亚，次的

subculture(亚文化) subtext(潜台词) subconscious(潜意识) subsonic(低音速)

super- 超级

supernatural(超自然的) superman

sur- means “over and above” 超

surcharge(额外收费) surtax(附加税) surreal(超现实)

ultra- 相当，非常

ultramodern ultraconservative(非常保守的) ultrasonic(超音速) ultraviolet(紫外线)

under- 低于

undercharged underestimate(低估)

5. Prefixes of orientation and attitude

anti- means “against” 反……

anticlockwise(逆时针) anti-aging(抗衰老的) antibacterial(抗菌的) antineutron(反中子)

contra- means “opposite”, “contrasting” contradiction conrafactual

counter- means “against”, “in opposition to” counterattack counterexample countercurrent(逆电流)

pro- 支持，站在……一方 pro-European pro-student 6. Locative prefixes 表示方位的前缀

fore- 前部

forearm foreground forehead foreword

inter- means “between”, “among” 在……之间 international intermarry(近亲结婚) internet

sub- means “under”

submarine(潜水艇) subway sublet(转租)

super- means “above” superstructure(上层建筑物)

trans- means “across”

transform(变形) transplant transcontinental(跨州的) 7. Prefixes of time and order 表示时间和顺序的前缀

ex- means “former” 以前的 ex-husband ex-president

fore- 表时间

foresee(预见) foretell(预言)

post- means “after”

postmodernism(后现代的) postwar(战后) posttretment(复建)

pre- 在……之前

preschooler(学龄前儿童) prehistory(史前史) pre-liberation(解放前) 8. Number prefixes

bi-;di- means “two” 双

bimonthly(双月的) bicycle(自行车) bilingual(双语的) bigamy(重婚) dioxide(二氧化物) disyllable(双音节)

multi-;poly- means “many” 多，几个

multi-national polygamy(一夫多妻制) polyandry(一妻多夫制)

semi-;demi-;hemi- means “half” 半

semiliterate(半文盲) demigod(半人半神) hemisphere(半球) semivowel(半元音)

tri- 三

triangle(三角形) tricycle(三轮车) trinity(三维一体) trilingual(三语的)

uni-; mono- means “one” 单一的

uniform monogamy(一夫一妻制) monologue(独自) 9. Neo- Classical prefixes 与科技有关的

auto- means “self”

autobiography(自传) autosuggestion(自荐) autocrat(独裁)

extra- 超的

extraordinary(特殊的) extraterrestrial(外星的)