那里开了一家新餐厅。
Salvatore Toscano, Slow Food Chef: “It means taking the time. Finding the rhythm that lets you live more calmly in a lot of ways, starting, of course, with what you eat.” 塞尔瓦托Toscano，慢食的厨师：“这意味着花时间。找到让你活得更冷静的节奏，从很多方面入手，当然，你要吃什么。”
Narrator: Another local example of slow food lies in the mountains of Pistoia in northern Tuscany. Here, generations of farmers have produced a magnificent pecorino cheese that is said to be delightfully unique. Made from the raw milk of black sheep, the cheese is hand-molded twice a day. The process is long and labor-intensive as each cheese is individually pressed and shaped—but of course, the result of all that labor and care can be uniformly delicious. The tradition was dying out until the Slow Food movement stepped in with a special promotion to organize the farmers and promote the cheese. These days, cheese production is on the increase again, and cheese makers like LuanaPagliai have been able to continue making and selling their own pecorino.
旁白：慢食当地另一个例子是在托斯卡纳北部的山脉皮斯托亚。在这里，一代又一代的农民产生一个宏伟的佩科里诺干酪，据说是讨人喜欢的独特。由黑羊的原料奶制成，奶酪是手工制作的一天两次。这个过程是漫长的，劳动密集型的，因为每一个奶酪是单独地挤压和塑造的，但当然，所有的劳动和照顾的结果可以均匀地美味。这一传统正在消亡，直到慢食运动在一个特别的促进，组织农民和促进奶酪。这些天，奶酪生产是增加了，和奶酪制造商像卢瓦纳帕利艾已经能够继续生产和销售自己的羊。
LuanaPagliai, Cheese Maker: “It’s brought us a kind of fame. Not everyone knew about our product. The project is getting us noticed.”
这帕利艾，奶酪生产商：“这给我们带来了一种名声。不是每个人都知道我们的产品。这个项目让我们注意到了。”
Luciano Bertini, Slow Food Farmer: “From Singapore to New York and Rome, you always find the same pizza, the same hamburgers. Slow food doesn’t want this. Slow food wants the specialness of every product to be respected.”
卢西亚诺公司，慢食的农民：“从新加坡到纽约和罗马，你总能找到相同的披萨，同样的汉堡。慢食不想要这个。慢食让每一件产品的特殊性必须得到尊重。” Narrator: The residents of Greve and other Slow Cities could be on to something. They’re making an effort to maintain a high quality of life, and to prevent the world from becoming bland. While it might seem an unusual approach for some, their way of thinking may just be what the world needs. In years to come these people may be able to look back with great satisfaction. They will have been enjoying life while most of the rest of the world has been rushing through it. 旁白：对公司和其他慢城市的居民可以到的东西。他们正在努力维持一个高质量的生活，并防止世界变得温和。虽然这对一些来说似乎是一个不寻常的做法，但他们的思维方式可能只是世界需要的东西。在这些年来，这些人可能会很满意地回顾一下。他们将享受生活，而世界上的大多数人都在经历着它。
Unit 9 Alternative Energy
Narrator:
The world seems to have an insatiable appetite for oil, electricity, and natural gas,
but now, due to energy costs and global warming, scientists are looking to the wind, sun, and agricultural products to power our future. According to some researchers, wind power is becoming a more viable energy source. 旁白：世界似乎有一个贪得无厌的石油，电力，天然气，但现在，由于能源成本和全球变暖，科学家们正在寻找风，太阳，和农产品的力量我们的未来。据一些研究人员说，风力发电正在成为一种更为可行的能源。
Sandy Butterfield, Wind Technology Expert: “I think the past perception was that wind energy was nice, but not a real solution. That perception is changing. I see wind energy getting more and more competitive.”
沙巴特菲尔德，风技术专家：“我认为过去的看法是，风能是好的，但不是真正的解决方案。这种看法正在改变。我看到风能越来越有竞争力。” Narrator: At the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado, discovering alternative power sources that are competitive with fossil fuels has been a mission of scientists since the U.S. energy crisis of the 1970s. Scientists here also create solar cells that are far more efficient than those currently available to the public. They believe that the market for this technology is about to increase significantly.
旁白：在黄金，科罗拉多的国家可再生能源实验室，寻找替代能源是化石燃料的竞争已经是一个使命的科学家在上世纪70年代美国能源危机以来。这里的科学家也创造了太阳能电池，远比目前向公众提供更高效。他们认为，市场对于这一技术的增长将明显增加。
John Brenner, National Renewable Energy Laboratory: “Recent polls have shown that about seventy-five percent of the population would favor the use of solar power, clean power, and would like to see more of it happening.”
约翰布伦纳，国家可再生能源实验室：“最近的民意调查显示，约百分之七十五的人口将有利于太阳能发电，使用清洁能源，并希望看到更多这样的事情发生。” Narrator: Solar power has been around for centuries, but while the public says they like the idea of harnessing solar power and incorporating it into their daily lives, the reality for many seems to be that it’s something reserved for the future, not now.
旁白：太阳能发电已经存在几百年了，但是当公众说他们喜欢利用太阳能并将其纳入日常生活，现实中许多人似乎认为它是为未来而预留的东西。
Larry Kazmerski, Photovoltaic Technology Expert: “Sometimes, you know, you worry that they think that this is only a fringe, but it’s not. Photovoltaic, solar electricity, is becoming a technology that is becoming cost-effective for us as consumers in the United States.”
拉里kazmerski，光伏技术专家：“有时候，你知道，你的担心，他们认为这是一个边缘，但它不是。光伏发电，太阳能发电，正在成为一种技术，在美国成为美国消费者的成本效益。” Narrator: In many people’s opinions, it often takes a crisis for things to change. 在许多人的观点中，这往往需要一场危机来改变。
Kazmerski: “When your electricity doesn’t come on in California, you start looking very, very quickly!” kazmerski：“当你的电不来加利福尼亚，你就会非常，非常迅速！“ Narrator: For some, home use of solar power is now becoming more than just an abstract idea. When Jonathon Sawyer’s solar electric system was first installed, it was believed to be the largest residential solar system in the U.S. This is likely due to the fact that solar power had not been widely promoted at the time. It’s so efficient that he actually sells electricity back to his local power company.
旁白：对于一些人，太阳能发电的使用现在正变得越来越不只是一个抽象的想法。当Jonathon Sawyer的太阳能电力系统第一次被安装，它被认为是最大的住宅太阳能系统在美国，这可能是由于太阳能没有被广泛推广的时候。他真的很有效率，把电力卖给了当地电力公司。 Jonathon Sawyer, Solar Homeowner: “I also feel good because I’ve always been committed about the environment and doing something, and we have to start as individuals to do things.” 乔纳森Sawyer，太阳能房屋：“我也觉得很好，因为我一直致力于环境和做的事情，我们必须从个人做起。”
Narrator: But individuals can only do so much. Researchers claim that for renewable energy to truly make a difference, it must be used on a large scale.
旁白：但是个人只能这么做。研究人员声称，对于可再生能源来说，要真正做到这一区别，必须大规模使用。
Reporter on Renewable Energy Sources: “This is a solar concentrator. The mirrors focus the sun’s rays into a narrow beam which turns an engine and provides electricity. Tough to get in the backyard? Sure. But a power company could probably find a place for it.”
记者对可再生能源：“这是一个太阳能集。镜子把太阳的光线集中到一个狭窄的光线中，它会变成一个发动机，并提供电力。难在后院？当然但电力公司可能会找到一个地方。”
Narrator: The U.S. and other countries often lacked a great sense of urgency to find energy alternatives. For decades, gasoline prices had been kept low with government subsidies so people continued driving large cars, usually alone. Nowadays, gasoline costs are higher, which has enhanced the need to find something else to fuel all those vehicles.
旁白：美国和其他国家往往缺乏一种很强的寻找能源替代的紧迫感。几十年来，汽油价格一直保持着较低的政府补贴，人们继续开着大型车，通常是一个人。现在，汽油成本较高，这已经提高了需要找到其他燃料的所有车辆。
John Sheehan, Alternative Fuel Researcher: “What’s in there now, is material that looks like straw, or . . . It’s actually the material that farmers leave sitting on the ground after they go through and they harvest corn. We’re trying to get farmers to collect this material so that we can run it through a conversion technology to make new liquid fuels.”
约翰希恩，替代燃料的研究者：“什么是现在，是物质的，像稻草，或。..这实际上是农民们在他们经过和他们收割玉米之后，坐在地上的物质。我们正试图让农民收集这种材料，以便我们可以通过一个转换技术，使新的液体燃料运行。
Narrator: Since the energy crisis of the 1970s, many farmers have been turning food into fuel by using grains like corn to create ethanol. But recently, some of the emphasis on making fuel has been moving away from the grain itself, to the stalks and stubble left on the ground after the harvest.
旁白：自从20世纪70年代的能源危机以来，许多农民一直把粮食变成燃料，用谷物来制造乙醇。但最近，一些重点放在燃料已经从粮食本身，秸秆和茬留在地面上收获后。
Sheehan: “The cellulose that’s in here — that actually is made up of sugars — is something that they can turn into ethanol in the same way that they’re currently taking their corn grain and having it turned into fuel-grade ethanol.” 希恩：“在这里的是纤维素，这实际上是由糖的东西，他们可以转变成乙醇以同样的方式，目前他们正在考虑他们的玉米粒，让它变成燃料乙醇。” Narrator: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory has a manufacturing area that is capable of converting harvest leftovers — and just about anything else — into fuel.
旁白：国家可再生能源实验室有一个制造领域，能够把收获的剩余物转化为燃料，而其他任
何东西都可以转化为燃料。
Pat Woodard, Reporter: “What are some of these other materials here? What else we got?” 帕特伍德，记者：“什么是一些其他的材料吗？我们还有什么？“ Sheehan: “Some of these, like this for example, is a wood material.”
希恩：“其中一些，这样的例子，是一个木质材料。” Narrator: Proving that sustainable energy technology is actually viable remains a struggle, at least in the U.S. Wind turbines, which were pioneered in the United States, are now being used by several countries in Europe to supply meaningful amounts of power.
旁白：证明可持续能源技术实际上是可行的，在美国，至少在美国的风力涡轮机中，至少在欧洲的一些国家正在使用，以提供有意义的电力供应。
Butterfield: “The cost of energy in the United States is so low compared to Europe, that our industry has had a harder time competing with fossil fuels.”
巴特菲尔德：“美国的能源成本是如此之低，相比欧洲，我们的行业已经有了更艰难的时间与化石燃料竞争。”
Narrator: The cost of fuel in many countries has increased significantly over the past few years. While it has caused hardship for many, this cost increase may also increase the urgency to find reliable fossil fuel alternatives and thereby reduce the greenhouse gases that cause global warming. The time for alternative energy may have arrived, and for those who use it, the future may be now.
在过去几年中，许多国家的燃料成本显著增加。虽然它已经造成了许多困难，这种成本增加可能也增加了迫切需要找到可靠的化石燃料的替代品，从而减少导致全球变暖的温室气体。替代能源的时间已经到来，对于那些使用它的人来说，未来可能是现在。
Unit 10 Mars on Earth
Narrator: On the remote island of Devon in the Canadian Arctic, a group of NASA explorers have come to learn how to live and work on Mars. Part of the work here will be to field test equipment that they hope will eventually be used on exploration trips to the distant planet. 旁白：在加拿大北极德文郡偏远的岛屿上，一组NASA探险者们来学习如何生活和工作在火星上。这部分工作将在现场测试设备，他们希望最终将被用于探索前往遥远的星球。
Mars, sometimes known as the Red Planet, is a harsh place. The surface is freezing and the terrain rugged. At night, surface temperatures can drop to -73 degrees Celsius and below, and the atmosphere is poisonous to breathe. Add to that radiation and dust storms, and it becomes clear that surviving there would be an impressive feat. That’s what keeps researchers coming back to Devon each year. Its rocky, treeless landscape is a kind of “Mars on Earth”.
火星，有时被称为红色星球，是一个严酷的地方。表面结冰，地形崎岖。晚上，表面温度可以下降到摄氏73度以下，而大气是有毒的呼吸。添加到辐射和沙尘暴，它变得清晰，生存将有一个令人印象深刻的壮举。这使研究人员回来每年德文。它的岩石，没有树木的景观是一种“地球上的火星”。
Thirty-nine million years ago, Devon Island was hit by a large meteorite that created a 20-kilometer-wide crater. Today it’s called the Haughton Crater and it almost exactly resembles the thousands of craters that cover the landscape of Mars. While it’s safer and more easily
reached than Mars, Devon comes with its own dangers: unpredictable weather, high winds, and a predator that thinks humans might be lunch. Despite the risks, project director and scientist Pascal Lee feels training here is what’s best for the team’s mission.
三零九百万年前，德文岛遭到大量陨石，创造了一个20公里宽的陨石坑。今天，它被称为霍顿坑和它几乎完全相似的陨石坑覆盖火星的数千。虽然它比火星更安全和更容易达到，德文带有自己的危险：不可预测的天气，大风，和食肉动物，认为人类可能的午餐。尽管存在风险，项目总监和科学家Pascal李认为这里训练是为团队的任务是最好的。
Pascal Lee, Project Director: “Copy loud and clear. By being faced with all the operational realities of having to explore a place for real, you are precisely building this experience to really plan an expedition where all of these elements cannot be left to chance. You have to plan it well.” 帕斯卡李，项目总监：“复制响亮和明确的。当面对现实中的所有的实际操作的现实，你正建造这一体验，真正地计划一次探险，所有这些元素都不可能被留下来机会。你必须好好计划。”
Narrator: When Lee heard about Devon Island, he was convinced that this was the ideal place to train. When people think of Mars, they usually think of astronauts in space suits. Here on Devon Island, Lee and his team are, in fact, field testing the NASA Mars Concept Suit to see how it withstands harsh conditions. The suit is big, bulky, and, according to people who’ve tried it, uncomfortable and confining. Addy Overbeeke and Stanley Kusmider are the suit engineers.
旁白：当李先生听到德文岛，他确信这是训练的理想场所。当人们想到火星时，他们通常会想到宇航员在太空服。在德文岛，李和他的团队，事实上，现场测试，美国宇航局火星概念适合看它如何承受苛刻的条件。这套衣服是大的，大的，而且，根据那些试过，不舒服和限制的人。阿迪和斯坦利是overbeekekusmider服工程师。
Stanley Kusmider, Space Suit Engineer: “You’re at the bar and you’re talking to someone, and they ask you, ‘Oh, what do you do?’ ‘I work on space suits.’ They say, ‘Oh ho ho! That’s funny! Funny guy! ’”
斯坦利kusmider，太空服的工程师：“你在酒吧和你谈话的人，他们问你，“哦，你是做什么的？“我在太空服上工作，”他们说，“噢，何！这很有趣！有趣的人！“”
Narrator: Depending on the perspective, designing a Mars suit is either a great engineering challenge or a mechanical nightmare. Mars is incredibly dusty and the suit’s outer surface will constantly be coated with a film of Mars’ dust. And because Mars is so far away, explorers will need to spend at least a year using the same suits day after day. They need to be extremely strong, reliable, and easily repaired in order to survive for the entire duration of the trip.
从不同的角度来看，设计一个火星的西装是一个伟大的工程挑战或一个机械的噩梦。火星是令人难以置信的尘埃，而这套衣服的外表面会不断地被一层火星的灰尘覆盖。因为火星是如此遥远，探险家们需要花费至少一年的时间，使用相同的西装后一天。他们需要非常强大，可靠，易于维修，以生存的整个持续时间的行程。
Overbeeke has spent his career working on space suits. He loves the challenge of making one work for use on Mars.
overbeeke已经度过了他职业生涯的工作空间，适合。他喜欢在火星上制作一个工作的挑战。 Addy Overbeeke, Space Suit Engineer: “You have to think about what they’re really going to be operating in, and thinking that ‘Hey, this isn’t it. We have to make the systems more robust, we have to make the systems more user-friendly for them to operate in a system that’s even more severe than this.’”
阿迪overbeeke，太空服的工程师：“你必须想想他们真的要经营，并认为“嘿，这是不是。