A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. being considered

3. The river _______ in the night, the crossing was impossible. A. to rise B. rose C. having risen

D. being risen

4. More time _______, we should have done the job much better. A. to give B. give

C. being given D. given

5. We shall play the match tomorrow, weather _______. A. permits

B. permitting C. to permit

D. permitted

6. The monitor _______ ill, we’d better put the meeting off. A. being B. to be C. been D. to have been

7. An important lecture _______ given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. A. to be B. being C. been D. to have been

8. He was lying on the grass, his hands _______ under his head. A. to cross

B. crossed

C. crossing

D. to be crossing

9. Tom _______ late over and over, his boss was very disappointed. A. having been

B. been C. to be D. to being

10. Other things _______ equal, I would buy the black dress not the white one. A. being B. to be C. been D. having been

注意：

有些短语的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致，他们在句子中作独立成分 To tell you the truth/To be frank, I don't like the way he talked. ★必背：用作独立成分的不定式

to tell you the truth / to be frank /to be honest/ to begin/start with/ to be brief 简言之 to make a long story short 长话短说to be exact 精确地说/ to make matters worse/ to say nothing of 姑且不说 to conclude /to be sure 诚然，固然 rankly/strictly/roughly/exactly speaking, generally speaking, judging from..., considering..., talking of..., supposing... providing，seeing that（考虑到）， allowing for(把…考虑到内)， given, provided

非谓语作状语总结

非谓语动词作状语多表示伴随状态，或事情发生的原因，结果，时间，条件等。 注意，作目的状语只能是_不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +动词原形。 解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后 主动关系，即主语是非谓语动作的发出者 与谓语几乎同时进行 先于谓语动作发生（已经完成） 后于谓语动作发生（将要去做，特别是表示目的）

(in order (not)/ so as to(not) )to do, S+V .. doing , S+V having +dong , S+V 被动关系，即主语是非谓语动作的承受者 being +done , S+V having been +dong, S + V = ( dong, S+V) (in order (not)/ so as to(not) ) to be done, S+V 巩固练习

1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______. A. to be breathed

B. to breathe

C. breathing

D. being breathed

2._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked

3. ______ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited 4. – Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?

A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat 5. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.

A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 6. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.

A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete 7. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.

A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak

8. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ______ in the restaurant. A. working

B. work

C. to work

D. worked

9. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone. A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted 10. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.

A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows 11. He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. A. to stop

B. stopping

C. to have stopped D. having stopped

12. _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.

A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show 13. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment. A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting 14. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized 15. It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year. A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found

16. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen 17. –Did the book give the information you needed? –Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.

A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding 18. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society.

A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed 19. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown 20. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.

A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 21. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it.

A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried

22. If there is a lot of work ___, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do

B. to be doing

C. done

D. doing

23. Something as simple as ___ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure. A. to drink

B. drinking

C. to be drinking

D. drunk

24. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. A. locating

B. being located C. having been located

D. located

25 _____that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.

A. Having told B. Having been told C. Tell

D. Telling

26. _____ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.

A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved 27 Hoping he would not be seen, Bob stole in, _____ his schoolbag and rushed out. A. picking up

B. picked up C. to pick up D. having picked up

28_____ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to Florida. A. Discovering

B. To discover C. To have discovered D. Discovered

29 He sent me an e-mail, ______ to get further information. A. hoped

B. hoping

C. to hope

D. hope

30 _____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.

A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. To taste

31 The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, _____ them more terrible.

A. not make B. not to make C. not making

D. do not make

32 — What do you think of last night’s lecture? — _____ speaking, I thought it was rather boring. A. Real

B. General C. Fair

D. Honestly

33 He was so foolish _________ his car unlocked in the public park last night.

A to leave B that leave C as to leave D for him to leave

34When ______, the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 35 The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ______ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing

B. having seen

C. to have seen

D. to see

36 The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told

C. telling

D. told

37. The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 38. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken

39. _______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. lost C. Being lost D. Losing 40. The repairs cost a lot，but it’s money well ＿＿＿.

A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending 巩固练习

1-5 BBCCB 6-10 DCABC 11-15 BBDCD 16-20 AACCD 21-25 BABDB 26-30 ABABC 31-35 BDAAD 36-40 BDBBB