中考英语专题复习十：主谓一致考点讲解和训练

谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓 一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致的原则

（2）由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：

Both he and I are right.

Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.

但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：

His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

The poet and writer has come.

（3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用

单数形式。例如：

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help.

（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍

用单数。例如：

The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

（5） 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动

词要用复数。例如：

A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy.

（6）由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如： Is everybody ready?

Somebody is using the phone.

（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主

语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：

Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.

Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.

如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往

往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：

Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 2. 意义一致的原则

（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：

Twenty years is not a long time. Ten dollars is too dear.

（2）有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用

单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如： My family is big one.

My family are watching TV.

（3）不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意

义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如： All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone.

（4）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用

复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：

Who is your brother?

Who are League members?

（5）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而

定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：

It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

（6）half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；

如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：

I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.

Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.

（7）由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容

为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

What she said is correct.

What she left me are a few old books.

（8）凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动

词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is a famous person. 3. 邻近一致的原则 （1）由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如

果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：

Either you or I am right.

Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. （2）在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it.

（3）as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。

（4）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you.

中考英语专题复习十一：短语动词和句型的考点讲解和训练

短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段，我们已经学习了不少短语

动词，把他们加以归纳总结，进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。 1. 短语动词的分类 (1)动词＋介词

常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如： Don’t laugh at others.

Tom asked his parents for a bike. (2)动词＋副词

常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如： You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don’t forget to hand it in.

(3)动词＋副词＋介词

常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如： Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes. After a short rest, he went on with his research work. (4)动词＋名词＋介词

常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如： You should pay attention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time. (5)动词＋形容词

常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如： The prisoners were set free. He cut it open. (6)动词＋名词

常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如： This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people. 2. 短语动词的辨析

(1)be made in（在……生产或制造），be made of(由……组成或构成) (2)come down(下来;落)，come along(来；随同)，come to oneself(苏醒)，come true(实现)，come out(花开；发芽；出现；出来)，come over（过来；顺便来访），come in(进来)，come on(来吧；跟着来；赶快), come up with(找到；提出)

(3)do one’s best(尽最大努力), do well in(在……干得好), do one’s homework(做作业)，do some reading(阅读)

(4)fall asleep(入睡)，fall behind(落在…..后面)，fall off(从……掉下)，fall down(到下；跌倒)

(5)get down(下来；落下)，get on(上车)，get to(到达)，get up(起床)，get back(回来；取回)，get off(下来)，get on well with(与……相处融洽)，get married(结婚)，get together(相聚)

(6)give up(放弃)，give…a hand(给与……帮助)，give a concert(开音乐会)

(7)go back(回去)，go on(继续)，go home(回家)，go to bed(睡觉)，go over(过一遍；仔细检查)，go out(外出；到外面)，go wrong(走错路)，go on doing(继续做某事)，go shopping(买东西)，go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼)，go hiking(去徒步旅行)，go skating(去滑冰)，go straight along(沿着……一直往前走)

(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat（坐下）, have supper（吃晚餐）, have a rest（休息）, have sports（进行体育活动）, have a cold（感冒）, have a cough（咳嗽）, have a good time（过得愉快）, have a headache（头痛），have a try(尝 试；努力)

(9)look for(寻找)，look out(留神; 注意)，look over(仔细检查)，look up(向上看；抬头看)，look after(照顾; 照看)，look at(看； 观看)，look like(看起来像)，look the same(看起来像)，