初中英语语法-代词讲解 下载本文

初中英语语法 代词

代词:为了避免重复而用来代替其他词的词。

种类:1) 人称 2) 物主 3) 反身 4) 指示 5)不定6) 疑问 7) 相互代词:each other, one another互相, 其所有格加-’s

8) 关系代词:which, who,that,whom,whose等 引导定语从句

9) 连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever

10)替代词:one(单数), ones(复数) 用于替代前面出现的同类事物。但ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,则用some, any,而不用ones。如:Have you bought any rulers? Yes,I 've bought some. 一、人称代词

1. 人称代词的形式 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me 第二人称 you you he him 单数 第三人称 she her it it 第一 we us 复数 第二 you you 第三 they them 2. 人称代词的句法功能 功能 主格 作主语 作动词宾语 宾格 作介词宾语 作表语 指时间 指天气 指距离 例句 They are fourteen years old. / She is a Chinese teacher. The box is too heavy. Let me help you. / I like it very much. Mary didn’t want to go with me. --- Who is standing over there? --- It’s me. It is early spring, but it’s already very hot. It rained ________________(大)last night. It’s about five ___________(minute)walk from here to the library. How far is it from your school to your home? I find it easy to learn English well. -Where’s my book? -It’s over there. it的特殊用法 作形式主语、 It is very nice of you to help me. 形式宾语 指前文提到的物 指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人 The baby is crying. It may be hungry. 3. 人称代词的排列顺序(单数231,复数123)

当两个以上的人称代词一起作主语时,单数按二、三、一人称排列(即you, he / she, I);复数按一、二、三人称排列(即we, you, they)。但是如果做错了事需要承担责任时,要把说话人(I)放在第一位。如:It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。

二、物主代词

1. 物主代词的形式

物主代词

形容词性 名词性 my mine your yours 单 数 his his her hers its its 1

our ours 复 数 your yours their theirs

2. 物主代词的基本用法 功 能 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词(相当于省略了中心名词的-'s属格结构) 与of连用 作定语 The red skirt of hers is very beautiful. 作定语 作主语 作宾语 作表语 例 句 Her mother is a kind-hearted doctor. Their room is clean and tidy. That is his computer. Mine doesn’t work. Her spoken English is better than yours. This ballpen is hers. Where is mine? 名词性物主代词在句中不能单独作定语。如: Hers math is better than mine.(错!句中的________应改为________) 特 别 提 示 形容词性物主代词作定语,相当于形容词。

3. 物主代词的特殊用法

在双重所有格中只能用名词性物主代词。如:

我的一个朋友a friend of mine , 她的一个同学 a classmate of hers , each brother of his. 三、反身代词

1. 反身代词的形式

反身代词又叫自身代词,表示动作返回到动作发出者本身。 人 称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单 数 myself yourself himself,herself, itself 复 数 ourselves yourselves themselves 2. 反身代词的句法功能

功 能 例 句 Little Jimmy can dress himself now. She cooked herself a good meal. The boy in the photo is myself, not Tom. 特别提示 两句中动作的执行者与承受着均是同一个人,故宾语只能用反身代词,不能用him和her。 此句中,反身代词itself也可放在laughed的后面。 初中常用的由反身代词构成的短语有:(见下) 作宾语 作表语 I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。 The baby itself laughed. I myself went to visit my teacher. Never leave the child by himself at home. I don’t think I can do it by myself. 作同位语(强调) 和by等介词搭配, 构成固定短语 3.由反身代词构成的习惯用语

① help oneself to 随便吃…… ② come to oneself 苏醒过来,醒悟,恢复知觉 ③ dress oneself 自己穿衣服 ④ say to oneself 自言自语

⑤ enjoy oneself 玩得开心 ⑥ lose oneself in迷路于,全神贯注于…之中,消失于 ⑦ teach oneself 自学 ⑧ look after oneself ⑨by oneself 亲自

learn……by oneself 自学… leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 hurt oneself 伤了自己 make yourself/yourselves at home 不必拘束 四、指示代词

单数 复数 this这,这个 these这些 that那,那个 those那些 such 这样的人或物 same 同样的人或物 This is Bill speaking. Who is that? 例句 Where will these pupils go? Do you like those? They are the latest fashion. I have never seen such a clever child before.

2

Those two dresses are the same. He said the same thing again and again. 1. that 用来代替前面提到的不可数名词,those代替复数名词。

The weather today is finer than that yesterday. The students in this school are different from those in that one. 2. 打电话时,用that询问对方是谁,用this介绍自己。This is Jack speaking. Is that Mrs Black speaking?

说明:

That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和 these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较: (对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。 (对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人) (错) He admired that who danced well. (that作宾语时不能指人) (对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人) (对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)

五、疑问代词

疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)

如:Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。 格 主格 宾格 所有格 指人 who谁 whom谁 whose谁的 指物 what什么 whose谁的 指人或物 which哪个,哪些 whose谁的 说明1:

无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在

一定的范围内,例如:

Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘? What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘?

说明2:

Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介

词后只能用whom, 例如:

Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)

Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)

To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词后,不能用who取代。)

六、不定代词:不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,

every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody, something,no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语, 但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。如:

-- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗? -- Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一辆。 -- I don't know any of them. 他们,我一个也不认识。

不定代词的形式

3

例 词