例3: 有关金刚石和石墨在298K时的热力学数据如下表所示:
金刚石 -395.3 2.43 3.513
??
石墨 -393.4 5.69 2.260
??cHm??/(kJ·mol-1) Sm/(J·K·mol) 密度/kg·dm
-3
??-1-1
求:(1) 298K时,由石墨转化为金刚石的?rGm;
(2) 298K时,由石墨转化为金刚石的最小压力。已知碳的摩尔质量为12g·mol-1 解:?rSm=-3.26 J·K·mol
?rHm=1.9 kJ·mol
?rGm? =?rHm?-T?rSm? =1.9-298×10-3×(-3.26)=2.871 kJ·mol-1=2871J·mol-1 ?G1 =V (石墨)?P=m (石墨)/? (石墨)×?P=12×10-6/2.26×(100000-p) ?G2 ==V (金刚石)?P=m (金刚石)/? (金刚石)×?P= 12×10-6/3.513×(p-100000)
?G = ?G1 + ?rGm? + ?G2 ≤0 p≥1.62×109Pa
? -1
? -1-1