定语从句

一、三个概念

1.定语从句： 2.先行词： 3.关系词：

例：The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old.

先行词 关系词 定语从句

Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 先行词

定语从句

关系词

二、关系词的用法

关系代词: who/whom/that/which/whose whose：表所有格，先行词既可以是人，也可以是物 The worker whose arm was broken was sent to hospital. The river whose banks are covered with trees is very long. 关系副词：when/where/why

1. when: 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。 例：This was the time when he arrived.

I will never forget the day when I met my favorite star. 2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。

例：This is the factory where he works. Nanjing is the place where I was born. 3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。

例：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

Is this the reason why he refused our offer?

注意：关系副词when, where, why, 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which“结构交替使用。

例：I will never forget the day on which I met my favorite star.【when】

Nanjing is the place in which I was born.【where】 Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?【why】 四、关系代词that的特殊用法 只用that 的情况

1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.

例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 2.被修饰的先行词为

all,

any,

much,

many,

everything,

anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

3.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.

例如：This is the same bike that I lost.

4.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.

例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

5..以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that. 例如：Who is the girl that is crying？

6.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 7.先行词在主句和从句中都作表语时，只能用that. 例如：He is not the man that he once was. 8.先行词是the way时，只用that

不用that 的情况

1.先行词为that, those时，用which，而不用that. 例如：What’s that which is under the desk？ 2.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.

例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 3.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that. 例如：Tom came back, which made us happy.

五、判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。