There be 句型详解

1. There be

There VB (no) NP Prep. Phrase There VB (no) NP V-en There VB (no) NP V-ing There VB (no) NP to-inf. There VB (no) NP to be V-en There VB (no) NP wh-/that clause There has/have/had been (no) NP V-ing

There will/would/can/could/may/might/ought to/ used to/should/must/ be (no) NP V-ing

2. There V

There V NP Prep. Phrase （exist, live, stand等表示存在或位置的动词； come, go, run, walk等表示运动或方向的动词以及certain to be, sure to be, appear to be, happen to be等词组。）

There V NP V-en There V NP V-ing There V NP to-inf. There V NP to be V-en V there to be (no) NP V there being (no) NP There being (no) NP, … There having been (no) NP, … Prep. there to be (no) NP Prep. there being (no) NP

It be ADJ. for there to be (no) NP 3. Negative pattern of there V There VB no V-ing There VB no use V-ing

There VB no need to-inf. There is no doubt about it. There is no doubt that-clause

4.固定句型：There is said/believed/thought/expected to be Where there is NP, there is NP. There is no NP but/not… There is nothing but… There is nothing ADJ-er than There is something to be done.

There存现结构的语用功能：评价功能、引出新信息的功能 语义：表示存在、发生、出现。

“There be +句词词组”中，there为虚词，be后面的名词词组为句子的真正主语。该句式在使用时须注意如下几点：

一、There be句式表示“有”时，它表示一种存在关系，通常带有一个地点状语，意为“什么地方（时候）有……”。句式中的主语只能为表泛指的名词词组，此外，其主语还可以带前置或后置定语。例如：

1. There is a blackboard in the classroom. 2. There are five minutes to go.

3. There are two old women waiting for you at the gate.

二、在正式文体中，该句式中be动词的单复数形式取决于以下两种情况：（1）该句式中只有一个主语，主语为单数时，be动词用单数；主语若为复数，be动词也用复数。（2）该句式中有几个并列主语，则按就近原则处理，即与靠近be动词的第一个主语保持一致。例如：

1. There is room for improvement. 2. There are three apples on the table.

3. There was failure, a little success, a little more failure, a little more success.

4. There was only a textbook, a dictionary and two pens on the desk.

三、“There be +主语+不定式”中，不定式可以有主动和被动两种形式，不过在口语中主动形式更为常见。例如：

1. There is a letter to type today. 2. There is no time to lose.

3. There are many things to be done now. 四、There be句式中，be动词有各种变化形式。

（1）be动词有时态变化，可以为一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来时等。例如：

1. There are a lot of people in the meeting-room. 2. There was little left.

3. There have been many such traffic accidents in the past few years. 4. When he got there, he found there had been no one waiting for him in the room.

5. Without air, there would he no living things. 6. There is going to be a storm tomorrow morning. （2）There be句式中，be之前可以有情态动词。例如： 1. There may be some people who don”t like the film. 2. There used to be a temple in the village.

（3）在正式文体特别是文学中，There be句式中的be也可以用其它意义的动词或词组取代。它们通常是：exist, live, stand等表示存在或位置的动词；come, go, run, walk等表示运动或方向的动词以及certain to be, sure to be, appear to be, happen to be等词组。这种there存在句的谓语动词的人称、数的形式与主语须保持一致。例如：

1. Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 2. In front of the village there flows a stream. 3. There is sure to be a friend of mine in the hotel. 4. There happened to be no people in the room.

5. There doesn”t seem to be anything wrong with the radio.