Whether you love eating street food, or have to eat your breakfast on the run, it's best to be considerate when enjoying a bite in public.

III.Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or Phrases marked A,

B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and the extended family. To a large extent, these patterns 41.________ a society's primary subsistence (存在) strategy.

American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill four crucial social 42.________ : (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization of children to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support for members. Although we can define the family 43.________ its functions, the emphasis given to each of them varies widely both geographically and 44.________ . For example, in nineteenth-century America, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among family members has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become an economic unit for consumption rather than for 45.________.

In recent years, social scientists have discovered important 46.________in family types, such as the single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin(亲戚). American families also 47.________ according to social class. A couple's social class affects the number of children they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of 48.________to the family because of illness, death, or divorce. Social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likely to undergo and the way parents raise their children. 49.________, the extent to which American families now differ by 50.________appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago.

The American family has been 51.________ in a number of ways over the past few decades. Many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all. These social changes have 52.________ diverse household patterns, including single-person households and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue 53.________ and share family responsibilities.

Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriage while increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are 54________ such broad social trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a rising rate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to such pressures, but how 55.________ will these future adaptations be?

41. A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace 42. A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions 43. A. with regard to B. in terms of C.in combination with D. for the purpose of 44. A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually 45. A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production 46. A. variations B. units C. arrangements D. characteristics 47. A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve

48. A. contribution 49. A. Therefore 50. A. family size 51. A. expanding 52. A. focus on 53. A. trends

54. A. adapting to 55. A. sociable

B. destruction B. Also

B. work pressure B. divided B. resulted in B. study B. dealing with B. available C. combination C. Contrarily C. economic status C. valued C. appealed to C. careers

C. worrying about C. extensive D. application D. However D. social class D. changing D. called for D. goals

D. getting rid of D. natural

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by questions or

unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

The Hawthorne experiment was conducted in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The management of Western Electric's Hawthorne plant, located near Chicago, wanted to find out if environmental factors, such as lighting, could affect workers' productivity and morale. A team of social scientists experimented with a small group of employees who were set apart from their coworkers. The environmental conditions of this group's work area were controlled, and the subjects themselves were closely observed. To the great surprise of the researchers, the productivity of these workers increased in response to any change in their environmental conditions. The rate of work increased even when the changes (such as a sharp decrease in the level of light in the workplace) seemed unlikely to have such an effect.

It was concluded that the presence of the observers had caused the workers in the experimental group to feel special. As a result, the employees came to know and trust one another, and they developed a strong belief in the importance of their job. The researchers believed that this, not the changes in the work environment, accounted for the increased productivity.

A later reanalysis of the study data challenged the Hawthorne conclusions on the grounds that the changes in patterns of human relations, considered so important by the original researchers, were never measured. However, even if the original conclusions must be revised, they nonetheless raise a problem for social scientists: Research subjects who know they are being studied can change their behavior. Throughout the social sciences, this phenomenon has come to be called the Hawthorne effect.

56. The author implies that a sharp decrease in light increased workers' output because _______________.

A. the workers experienced less eyestrain in a dark working place B. the workers had to pay more attention to what they were doing C. the workers knew they were being observed, and this motivated them

D. the workers in the experiment were paid more than other workers

57. The pattern of organization of the second paragraph is________ A. list of items B. time order C. definition and example D. cause and effect

58. The Hawthorne experiment suggests that___________ A. workers' attitudes are more important than their environment B. social scientists are good workers

C. productivity in electric plants tends to be low

D. even those who were not in the experiment improved their productivity

59. The author's main purpose is________________ A. to explain the Hawthorne effect B. to prove the importance of research C. to amuse with a surprising experiment D. to suggest ideas for future research

(B)

Join IMDb and Become a Founding Supporter of the Academy Museum of Museum of

Motion Pictures

The Academy of Motion Pictures Arts & Sciences is building the world’s leading movie museum in the heart of Los Angeles. The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, scheduled to open in 2017, will contain six stories of state-of-the-art galleries, exhibition spaces, movie theaters and educational areas. Through groundbreaking exhibitions and innovative programming, the Museum will explore how Hollywood and the film industry have shaped culture and creativity around the world. Designed by Renzo Piano, the Academy Museum will be located next to the Los Angeles. County Museum of Art ( LACMA ) campus in the landmarked Wilshire May Company Building.

To help ensure this long-held dream of the Academy becomes a reality, the Academy has launched a $300 million fund-raising campaign, led by Bob Iger, Annette Bening and Tom Hanks.We hope you can join IMDb and the Academy Museum's community of early supporters

by making a gift to the campaign today. Or, sign up for the Academy Museum mailing list to hear about upcoming museum events and developments.

Donate Now

Help make movie history and join in elite group of supporters, including IMDb, by making your contribution today.

To see a full list.of the Academy Museum founding supporters, click here. If you would like to make a donation or leam more about naming opportunities, please contact Christine Joyce Rodriguez, Manager of Annual Giving, at Christine.Rodriguez@ Oscars.org or 310 247 3040.

60.The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures is located________. A. in the downtown area of Los Angeles B. in the suburb of the city of Los Angeles C. in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art D. in the centre of Wilshire May Company

61.The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures will focus on____________. A. the exhibition of film equipment

B. the impact of film industry on world culture C. the popularity of Hollywood movie culture D. the achievements of American galleries and theatres A. promote the Academy Museum and make movie history B. arouse people's interest in the Academy Museum C. raise enough money for the Academy Museum

D. help realize the Academy Museum founding supporters' dreams

(C)

To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s declaration that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.

Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use out technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying

62. The passage is intended to ______________.