excursion：较正式用词,常指不超过一天的短时期娱乐性游玩,也可指乘火车或轮船往返特定景 点的远足旅游.
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\was it?\I asked, full of earnest anticipation.我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？”
[Meaning]When I asked about how her trip to Europe had been, I was expecting her response anxiously sincerely.
1. Earnest [??:n?st]: a. very serious and sincere 非常认真的；郑重其事的
eg: At the office he was very earnest, but he’s more relaxed now. 在办公室他很认真，但是现在他放松多了。
Frank is an earnest man; he works hard and is also very reliable. 弗兰克是一个认真的人，他工作努力，也很可靠。
【搭配】 In earnest正经的;带有认真或坚定的目的的 【同义】 serious, grave, severe, solemn, sober
【辨析】 serious：指具有关键、严肃或严重意义的事情. grave：侧重严肃和尊严,需要认真思考,含有令人担忧的意味.
severe：指面孔的严肃、法律的严厉、伤病的严重.着重严厉性,无丝毫温情. solemn：指人表情或场景气氛严肃,侧重威严令人印象深刻 sober：侧重因控制或抑制自己的感情而表现出的庄重. earnest：指严肃、认真,含有诚恳和热情的意味
2.Anticipation [?n?t?s??pe??n]: 1) a feeling of excitement about sth (usually sth good) that is going to happen 期盼;期望
Eg: The courtroom was filled with anticipation. 法庭上人们满怀期望的心情。
2) the fact of seeing that sth might happen in the future and perhaps doing sth about it now预料；预期;预见;预计
Eg: He bought extra food in anticipation of more people coming than he'd invited. 他预料来的客人会比邀请的多，就多买了食物。
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3 She nodded three or four times, searched the heavens for the right words, and then exclaimed, \whoa!\她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！” [Meaning]She nodded her head three or four times, tried to find the right words in her mind, and then shouted with excitement, It was, like, whoa!\
1.Exclaim [?k?skle?m]: v. say sth. suddenly and loudly because of surprise, anger, or excitement （由于惊奇、气愤或激动）呼喊，惊叫
eg: Susan exclaimed horror when a young man with a gun suddenly appeared from behind her. 当一名年轻男子突然持枪从苏珊背后出现时，她害怕得惊叫起来。 【词根】 claim表示“呼喊,叫喊”
【同义】cry, shout, roar, scream,shriek, yell, call
【辨析】cry：一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫.
shout：指有意识地高声喊叫,常用于提出警告、发出命令或唤起注意等. roar：指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮.
scream：指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声.
shriek：指因惊恐、痛苦等或其他感情而发出的比 scream更为尖锐、刺耳的叫声. yell：多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫.也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉声音.
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call: 指大声说话或喊叫以引起某人的注意
exclaim:多因高兴、愤忽,痛苦惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫
2.Whoa[w??]: 1) interj. said to show that you are surprised or that you think sth. is impressive 哎呀，哇（表示惊讶或认为某事物令人赞叹）
2) (exclamation感叹词)used as a command to a horse, etc. to make it stop or stand still （吆喝马等停下或不动的口令）吁惊叹声，停止
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4 And that was it. 没了。
[Meaning]And that was everything she said, without even mentioning any details of her wonderful experience in Europe.
【解析】 That was it..就这样(指某事彻底结束或形势不能更改)
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The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture were captured in a condensed non-statement. My student's \exceeded only by my head-shaking distress.所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。
1. Civilization [?s?v?la??ze??n]: n. [C, U] a society that is well organized and developed, used esp. about a particular society in a particular place or at a particular time 文明（社会）
Eg: People have no letters at the primary stage of civilization.在文明的初期,人类是没有文字的. 【词根】civ表示“公民” 【同义】culture
【辨析] culture: 侧重指精神方面,即多由科技、文化等所体现的人类智力开发的程度.
civilization：指广义的文化,标志人类发展开化的进程.强调物质方面的文明
2.architecture [?ɑ:k?tekt??(r)]: n. [U]
1 the style and design of a building or buildings 建筑风格；建筑式样
eg: The house is a textbook example of medieval domestic architecture.这所房子是典型的中世纪 民居.
2 the art and practice of planning and designing buildings 建筑学
Eg: She studied architecture and art history at the university.她在大学里学习建筑和艺术史 【词根】arch(1)表示“弓”;(2)表示“统治者,统治,主要的”
3.capture: vt. 1) succeed in recording, showing, or describing a situation or feeling, using words or pictures （用文字或图片）记录下，描述，捕捉
Eg: The photographers managed to capture Jane in an unguarded moment.摄影师抓拍到了简不经意 的瞬间.
Some artists are able to catch a likeness in a sketch while others are gifted to capture a fleeting expression. 有些艺术家能画出酷似某人的肖像，而另一些则善于捕捉到稍纵即逝的表情。 The robbery was captured on a police video camera. 抢劫过程被警方的摄像机拍录了下来。 2) catch a person and keep them as a prisoner 俘虏；逮捕
Eg: Government troops have succeeded in capturing the rebel leader. 政府军已经成功捕获叛乱分子的头目。
【词根】capt表示“拿,抓,握住” 【反义】 release释放
【同义】 arrest, catch, seize,trap
【辨析】 arrest：指根据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留.
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catch：普通用词,指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物,一般指活捉. seize：侧重指以突然、有力地动作迅速地抓住或捉住. trap：多指诱捕
capture：指通过武力或计谋等,战胜抵抗而捉住敌人或动物.
4. condense [k?n?dens]: vt. make sth. that is spoken or written shorter 将（讲话或文章）压缩 eg: The whole chapter could be condensed into a few paragraphs. 这一整章可以压缩成几个段落。 【词根】dens表示“变浓厚”
【同义】 compress, contract, shrink
【辨析】 compress：指把乱而不成形的东西压成一定形状. contract：主要指以内、外部力量进行紧缩,也可用作引申. shrink：侧重指因收缩而达不到原有的长度、体积或容积
condense：指将东西压缩得更紧密、紧凑,但不失去原有的内容.
Condensed: a. being made shorter, usu. including only the most important parts 压缩的
eg: The council was merely given a condensed version of what had already been disclosed in Washington. 该理事会得到的只是已在华盛顿披露的内容的浓缩版。
5.exceed/ik'si: d/: vt. (fml.) be more than a particular number or amount 超过；超出
eg: You’ll have to pay extra money if you exceed your luggage allowance. 如果你的行李超重，你必须额外付费。
The speed limit is 40 miles an hour.Don' t exceed this maximun.限速每小时40英里.不要超过这个极限.
【词缀】ex(1)表示“出,出去”;(2)表示“前面的,前任的” 【同义】 surpass, excel
【辨析】 surpass：多用以强调优点、长处、技能或质量等方面的超过 excel：指在成绩、成就或学识上胜过他人.
exceed：既可指超出权利或权力的限度、管辖范围,或超过规定的时间范围,又可指在数量、程度或大小等方面的超过
6.distress [d??stres]: n. [U] a feeling of extreme unhappiness 忧虑；苦恼；悲伤
eg: She had five years of active and happy life in the hospital before she died, without much pain or distress from cancer. 她过世前在医院过了五年积极而快乐的生活，并没有因为患癌症而遭受多大的痛苦或忧伤。
The crew did not send out any distress signals.机组人员没有发出任何求救信号. 【词根】 stress表示“拉紧”
【同义】 agony, anguish, torment, torture, grief, misery, sorrow 【辨析] agony：侧重指精神或身体痛苦的剧烈程度.
anguish：指精神方面令人难以忍受的极度痛苦;用于身体时,多指局部或暂时的痛苦. torment：强调烦恼或痛苦的长期性.
torture：语气比 torment强,指在精神或肉体上受到的折磨所产生的痛苦 grief：指由某种特殊处境或原因造成的强烈的感情上的苦恼与悲痛. misery：着重痛苦的可悲状态,多含有不幸、可怜或悲哀的意味. sorrow：语气比 grief弱,指因不幸、损失或失望等所产生的悲伤.
distress：多指因思想上的紧张、压力、恐惧、忧虑等所引起的精神上的痛苦,也可指某种灾难带来的痛苦
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5 There are many different stories about the downturn in the proper use of English. 关于正确
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使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。
[Meaning]There are a lot of different stories about why people are less skilled when using English. Downturn [?da?nt?:n]: n. ~ (in sth) a fall in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes weaker （商业经济的）衰退，下降，衰退期
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Surely students should be able to distinguish between their/there/they're or the distinctive difference between complimentary and complementary. 学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they’re之间的不同，或区别complimentary跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。 1.Distinguish: v. recognize the differences between things 区分；辨别
eg: A formal education with emphasis on history, literature, and culture helps a person learn how to distinguish right from wrong. 着重于历史、文学和文化的正规教育能帮助一个人学习如何明辨是非。
【词根】sting(1)表示“刺,刺激\引申为火焰 【同义】 discern,discriminate
【辨析】 discern：语义较笼统,着重精深与准确的观察力,不一定有能分辨关系密切的各项事物的含义.
discriminate：语气强,指从十分相似的事物中辨别出差异,尤其把好坏区分开来. distinguish：普通用词,指辨别者的能力或实际观察到的区别,强调辨别所需的技巧.
2.distinguish between: recognize and understand the difference between two or more things or people 区分；辨别
eg: The ability to read in a critical way involves the ability to distinguish between facts and the
writer’s opinions or interpretations. 批判性阅读能力包括区分什么是事实、什么是作者自己的看法或解释的能力。
Some Christians do not want to distinguish between what are facts and what is myth. 一些基督徒不想辨别什么是事实，什么是神话。
3.distinctive: a. easy to recognize because of being different from other people or things of the same type 与众不同的；特殊的；特别的
eg: The distinctive design of a product provides a powerful competitive advantage over other products. 一个独特的产品设计具有比其他产品更强有力的竞争优势。
Cooking with the lid on gives the food that distinctive smoky flavor.盖上盖子做会让这种食物有一种熏制般的独特风味
【同义】 Peculiar, characteristic, individual
【辨析】characteristic：侧重指具有区别能力,典型的或本质的事物.
peculiar：侧重指某人或某物本身与众不同;也可指种族、民族或性别,着重有其无可争议的特点. individual：侧重指特指的人或物,着重其与众不同,强调可将其区别出的品质与特性. distinctive：突出与众不同的或令人称赞的个性或特征 4.complimentary: a. 1) given free to people 免费赠送的
eg: All guests will receive a complimentary bottle of champagne. 所有客人都将得到一瓶免费的香槟。
He had complimentary tickets to take his wife to see the movie.他有几张赠票,可以带妻子去看 电影.
2) saying that you admire sb. or sth. 赞美的；钦佩的
eg: Mrs. Stevens was most complimentary about your work. 史蒂文斯夫人盛赞你的工作。 We often get complimentary remarks regarding the cleanliness of our patio.我们经常听人称赞我
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