单元质量检测(五)

(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)

Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

One of the richest collections of early-human fossils ever found has been taken out of an

African cave, thanks to the efforts of a team of scientists small enough to fit through ancient narrow ways.

The fossils, discovered in the dark places of the Rising Star cave in South Africa, belong to a new species that appeared at the beginning of the family that includes modern humans.The fossils could be more than 2.5 million years old.Or they could be relatively recent. Homo sapiens (智人) appeared in Africa roughly 200,000 years ago, so the bones are at least that old.

The new species is a strange mixture of parts.It had hands and feet much like those of other members of the biological group called Homo, which includes our own species — Homo sapiens.Its brain, though, was only about as big as an orange.

The Rising Star ancient humans could control objects with their hands, but their highly curved (弯曲的) fingers also made them good climbers.Their Homo-like feet and long legs show

they could walk long distances, but their shoulders are also suited for climbing.The researchers call them Homo naledi, after the word for “star” in the African language Sotho.

The first slight knowledge of the more than 1,550 bits of fossil, representing at least 15 individuals, came from cavers helping a researcher to look for ancient remains.One place leading to the fossil room is just over seven inches wide — less than the width of a sheet of notebook paper.It took a team including six female scientists, chosen for their small size and research experience, to get the fossils.

The scientists believe that the bodies were deliberately placed in the cave.It suggests that ancient long-ago human relatives became involved in ritual (仪式的) disposals of their dead.

语篇解读：本文为说明文。在非洲的一个洞里发现了一些远古人类化石，一个新的物种因此被发现了。

1．What do we know about the Rising Star ancient humans? A．They were very good at climbing. B．They could only walk short distances. C．They couldn't use objects well with hands.

D．They had the same size of brains as modern humans.

解析：选A 细节理解题。由第四段可知，他们能用手操控物体，但是他们弯曲的手指也使得他们擅长攀爬。他们的脚和长腿表明他们能走远路，因此B、C项错误。由第三段“Its brain, though, was only about as big as an orange”可知，D项错误。

2．What was the problem the scientists faced after discovering the fossil room? A．How to protect the fossils. B．How to recognize the fossils. C．How to reach for the fossils in it. D．How to persuade cavers to leave it.

解析：选C 推理判断题。由第五段的“One place leading to the fossil room is just over seven inches wide — less than the width of a sheet of notebook paper”可推知，如何够得着那些古化石是个难题。

3．We can infer from the text that ________.

A．the exact age of the fossils in the Rising Star cave is unknown B．the fossils in the Rising Star cave belong to a new species C．the fossils in the Rising Star cave were the richest ever found D．the Rising Star ancient humans dealt with their dead at random

解析：选A 推理判断题。由第二段“The fossils could be more than 2.5 million years old.Or they could be relatively recent.Homo sapiens (智人) appeared in Africa roughly 200,000 years ago, so the bones are at least that old”可知，这些化石的具体年龄还不确定。

B

I found a police report that had been filed in Florida 17 years before. It said a boy was hit and his body was thrown 19 yards. But he wasn't thrown; he was dragged that far and caught in the chains of the truck. It said someone fled the scene, but that someone was my older brother, Alex, and he didn't flee. He rushed over to his friend, but the boy was already dead. It said ... But ...

Alex had just turned 15. This was the day we never spoke about. We thought it would make a difference in helping him step out of the shadow of that accident. So I didn't bring it up until one night, when we were 30 and 31, I asked if he ever thought about the day Jonathan died. But he responded with an unpleasant laugh and a cold silence.

Before the accident, we were inseparable. After the accident, we didn't have words for any conversation. I was desperate to reconnect and convinced that the only way to do so was to get as close as I could to that day.

I tracked down the police report. I wrote down the driver's name and found his phone number. I told him I wanted to know about an accident he was involved in back in 1999. He told me it was the hardest time in his life. I told him I wanted to find a way to take away my brother's pain.

“You can't，” he said. “But if you want to lessen it, let him talk to you, and once those words start coming, you'll realize that asking is the easy part. Listening is the hard part.” I hung up the phone but didn't stop there. I tracked down the witnesses.

A year after the first phone call, I met with my brother and told him about the people I had spoken to and what they had said, and his instinct (本能) was to confirm and correct each detail. That was my opening, and his too. Later I was able to ask what no one in my family ever had: “Could you just start at the beginning and tell me everything？”

And he did. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者和家人为了帮助哥哥走出事故的阴影决定对哥哥所经历的事故避而不谈，而这对哥哥并没有什么帮助。但后来作者明白倾听才能真正帮助哥哥走出痛苦。

4．How did the police report in Paragraph 1 appear to be in the author's opinion? A．Fact-free. B．Ambiguous.

C．Persuasive. D．Cautiously-worded.

解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It said a boy was hit and his body was thrown 19 yards. But he wasn't thrown; he was dragged that far and caught in the chains of the truck ... It said ... But”可知，作者认为这份警方报告中有许多与事实不符的地方。故选A。fact-free“脱离事实的，不符合事实的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的，含混不清的”；persuasive“有说服力的，令人信服的”；cautiously-worded“措辞严谨的”。

5．Why did the author avoid referring to the accident? A．To avoid arguing with his brother.

B．To protect his brother from others' scolding. C．To help relieve his brother's pain.

D．To show trust in his brother's innocence.

解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This was the day we never spoke about. We thought it would make a difference in helping him step out of the shadow of that accident”可知，

之前作者之所以对哥哥那天所经历的事故避而不谈是因为作者认为这样能帮助哥哥走出事故的阴影。故C项符合文意。

6．What may the author's brother need most after the accident? A．Others' real understanding. B．Others' immediate company. C．Others' sincere listening. D．Others' detailed asking.

解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“But if you want to lessen it ... Listening is the hard part”和最后两段的内容可知，作者通过倾听使哥哥打开了心扉。由此可推知，事故过后，哥哥最需要的可能是他人真诚的倾听。

7．Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Accident No One Talked About B．The Experience Shaping My Brother C．The Question No One Cared About

D．The Moment Changing My Brother's Life

解析：选A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者和家人为了帮助哥哥走出事故的阴影，决定对哥哥所经历的事故避而不谈，而这对哥哥并没有什么帮助。但后来，正是作者选择倾听哥哥的事故经历，敢于触及那起家人都避而不谈的事故，才让哥哥真正走出事故的阴影，故A项“无人谈及的那起事故”作本文标题最佳。

C

Your kids learn a lot from their friends — things you can't teach them, no matter how much you want to.

Probably the most important thing kids learn is how to have peer relationships. As a parent, you can't do this, because you and your child aren't equals.

For example, when you're sitting on your family room floor and your very young child asks you to pass him the blocks, you probably hand them right over. If your child is sitting with a peer and asks the same thing, though, he might not get what he wants.

To succeed, your child will need to learn strategies for getting what he wants. For example, he might simply yank (猛拉) the toy out of his friend's hand. If he does that, he may learn that it's not the best way of getting what he wants because it leads to fighting and time-outs. The

successful child will learn that he needs to negotiate a trade, to wait patiently, or to find something else equally fun to play with.

Friends also provide emotional support, something that is part of the foundation of healthy adulthood. You can't be with your child on the elementary school playground or at the high school dance. Your child's friends will be the ones to stick_up_for her, to include her in games, and later, to tell her she looks great even if her lousy prom (糟糕的舞会) date wanders off instead of dancing with her.

Friends also help your children learn. Friends solve problems together, imitate each other, and pass on knowledge.

Some experts believe that the single biggest predictor of your child's success later in life is her ability to make friends. In fact, they claim it's even more important than IQ and grades.

This doesn't mean that the kids who are most popular in school do the best later on in life. What matters is not the number of friends a child has but rather the quality of the relationships.

This is good news for those of us who hate to think that popularity really is the Holy Grail of childhood and adolescence. While it's true that popularity has many advantages, and that many popular kids really are nice people — and not just the best dressed or best looking — it's better to have a few good friends than to have the admiration of the masses.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。孩子们会从和朋友的相处中学到许多大人怎么想教都教