A. relative clauses B. adverbial clauses D. subordinate clauses

C. coordinate clauses

60. Names of the syntactic functions are expressed in all the following terms EXCEPT _____.

A. subjects and objects

B. objects and predicators D. endocentric and exocentric

C. modifiers and complements

61. In English, case is a special form of the noun which frequently corresponds to

a combination of preposition and noun and it is realized in all the following channels EXCEPT ______. A. inflection C. word order

B. following a preposition D. vertical relation

62. In English, theme and rheme are often expressed by _____ and _____.

A. subject; object C. predicate; object

B. subject; predicate D. object; predicate

63. The phrase on the shelf belongs to _____construction.

A. endocentric B. exocentric C. subordinate D. coordinate

64. The sentence They were wanted to remain quiet and not to expose themselves is

a _____ sentence. A. simple

B. coordinate C. compound

D. complex

65. The sentence The tall man and women left can be illustrated by tree diagram _____.

A. (1)

B. (2)

C. both (1) and (2)

D. neither

66. According to the following tree diagram, V can only be replaced by ____.

A. sat

B. brought

C. pushed

D. none

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67. Pair ____ belongs to the category of gradable antonyms.

A. over/under

B. weak/strong C. open/shut

D. sell/buy

68. Clauses can be classified into finite and non-finite clauses, ____ including

the traditional infinitive phrase, participial phrase and gerundial phrase. A. the former B. the latter C. both

D. neither

69. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _____ meaning.

A. phoneme

B. word

C. phrase

D. sentence

70. Which is not included in G. Leech's seven types of meaning?

A. Connotative meaning. C. Conceptual meaning.

B. Denotative meaning. D. Affective meaning.

71. Of the following pairs of words, ____belongs to the type of complementary

antonyms.

A. teacher/student B. captive/free C. rich/poor

D. fast/slow

72. Which of the following is concerned with word meaning?

A. Compositionality principle. B. Truth value judgment. C. Logic semantics.

D. Componential analysis.

73. Alive and dead are ______.

A. gradable antonyms

B. converse antonyms

C. complementary antonyms D. None of the above

74. Words that are close in meaning are called ______.

A. homonyms

B. polysemics C. hyponyms

D. synonyms

75. We do not have _____ antonyms.

A. gradable

B. dialectal

C. converse

D. complementary

76. _____ is an unmarked word.

A. Bad

B. Low

C. Old

D. Short 77. If p is true and q is false, which of the following has the property of being

true? A. ~p

B. p & q

C. p→q

D. q→p

78. In pair ______, X entails Y.

A. X: John is a bachelor. Y: John is a man.

B. X: I've done my homework. Y: I haven't brushed my teeth. C. X: Some of the students came to my party.

Y: Not all the students came to my party.

D. X: John is married. Y: John is a bachelor.

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79. If we have X and Y which have the semantic features as X [+A] [+B] [+C]; Y X

[+A] [+B] [+C], then we say that X and Y are ______. A. synonyms

B. antonyms

C. hyponyms

D. one word

80. If we have X and Y which have the semantic features as X [+A] [+B] [+C]; Y X

[+A] [+B] [-C], then we say that X and Y are ______. A. synonyms

B. antonyms

C. hyponyms

D. one word

81. Suppose an unfamiliar language has the IS rules as shown in (1). Which of the

sentences given in (2) are generated from these IS rules? Try to provide labeled tree diagrams for them. (\→\reads as \of\in the following IS rules) (1)S→NP VP

VP→V NP

NP→N, or

NP→ D A N, or NP→ D N A N→ Pecchino, or3

N→Roma V→è

D A N→una bella città

D N A→una città antica

(2) a. Una città Pecchino bella. b. Pecchino è una bella città.

c. Roma bella una città.

d. Roma è una città antica.

得分 二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）

1. All language have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and a system of semantics.

2.Design features of human language include arbitrariness, duality, displacement, productivity, cultural transmission, and interchangeability. (填写三个即可）。 3. In Filipino, the connective na has a variant -ng. It is used to connect a noun

and its modifier, e.g. bahay na malaki aklat na makapal lapis na mahaba big house thick book long pencil bahay--house aklat--book lapis--pencil 8

When the first word ends in a vowel, the variant -ng is used by attaching it to the first word, e.g. dalagang mahinhin bakang mataba silyang kawayan modest maiden fat cow bamboo chair dalaga--maiden baka--cow silya--chair When the first word ends in n, the n is replaced by -ng, e.g. tahanang maligaya dahong sariwa hanging malakas happy home fresh leaf strong wind tahanan--home dahon--leaf hagin--wind The modifier may be placed either before or after the word modified, e.g. bahay na malaki aklat na makapal lapis na mahaba malaking bahay makapal na aklat mahabang lapis

dalagang mahinhin bakang mataba silyang kawayan

tahanang maligaya dahong sariwa hanging malakas

maligayang tahanan sariwang dahon malakas na hangin dalaga mahinhing matabang baka kawayang silya Please translate the following phrases into Filipino: big maiden bamboo home strong cow fresh wind long chair 4. Please write a word at the bottom of each vertical line of the following tree

diagram to make a sentence, both semantically and grammatically right.

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5. Language is resourceful because of its ___________ and its ______________, which

contributes to the ______________ of language. duality, recursiveness, creativity

6. Please name five branches of linguistics: _________________, _______________,

_______________, _________________ and _______________. phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics

7. The ________________, mouth, and ____________ form the three cavities of the vocal

tract. pharynx, nose

8. Besides [s], [z], other four sibilants are ____, _____, ____, _____. 9. A syllable that has no ______ is called an open syllable. 10. The root of internationalism is _____________.

11. Gender displays such contrasts as masculine: feminine: n__________.

12. In the sentence the man was bitten by the dog, the man is both the

__________subject and the ____________ object.

13. S____________ can be defined as the study of meaning. 14. Please examine:

father = PARENT (x, y) & MALE (x)

Then explain the following words in the same way:

grandfather = granddaughter = husband =

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