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Good Usage (Para. 5)

the cultivation of personal charm of appearance and flavor in speech be interpreted as

other than physical beauty physical ugliness

it all depends on one’s way of reading gets the flavor of books

cannot help also having a flavor in his writing

Good Usage (Para.6) it necessarily follows that is sure of

What is one man’s meat may be another’s poison.

Good Usage (Para.7) so long as goes around it

it finds itself in a pleasant low valley it is content to stay there

at a certain time in a given place under given circumstances and at a given period of his life have not reached a certain point for reading a masterpiece leave only a bad flavor on his palate becomes mature

Good Usage (Para. 8)

gets a different flavor out of it

a personal talk with the author himself has broken off friendship with seen more changes in life renewed pleasure

Good Usage (Para.9)

an act consisting of two sides regard…as

in one’s intellectual development get any real good out of reading

Key Words and Expressions for Text A

privilege n.

a special advantage limited to a particular person or group （特定个人或阶层的）特权，特惠待遇 e. g. 1. Members of the book club have the privilege of purchasing books at a discount. 2. He had no special privileges and was treated just like every other prisoner. 他没有享受任何特权，与其他囚犯一样同等对待。

immediate a.

nearest in time, space, or degree; next （时间、空间或程度）最接近的；紧接的；直接的；即刻的 e. g. 1. Guards were posted in the immediate neighborhood of the palace when the prince stayed there. 2. The effects of global warming, while not immediate, are potentially catastrophic. 全球变暖的后果，即使不是即刻呈现，也可能是灾难性的。

3. His immediate superior, General Lee, had singled him out for special mention. 他的直接上司李将军特地提到了他。 Usage:

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the immediate future 最近

one’s immediate family 直系亲属

the immediate concern / problem 当务之急 the immediate area 附近

fall into

1. pass into a new state or condition 陷入（某种状态）

e. g. 1. While waiting for the bus, I somehow fell into conversation with someone who said he knew me.

2. The house had fallen into disrepair. 这所房子已经年久失修了。 Usage:

fall into conversation with... 与……开始聊天 fall into a doze 打瞌睡 fall into decay 腐朽

fall into bad habits 养成坏习惯 fall into a trap / pitfall 钻进圈套

2. belong to or be part of a particular group, area of responsibility, range of things, or type of things 属于（某类）

e. g. Many illnesses fall into the category of stress-related illnesses. 3. be able to be divided into sth. 可分为

e.g. The lecture series falls naturally into three parts. 该系列讲座可自然分作三部分。

put in touch with

cause sb. to meet; bring into contact with 使……接触；使……联系

e. g. 1. They didn’t know one another until they were put in touch by a mutual friend. 2. Our head office can put you in touch with a branch in your area. 我们总公司可安排您与当地分公司取得联系。 Usage:

be in touch with / get in touch with 联系 keep in touch with 保持联系

be out of touch / lose touch 失去联系

unburden vt.

free (oneself, one’s mind, etc.) by talking about a secret trouble 吐露心事以消除（思想、精神等上的）负担

e. g. 1. She longed for a sympathetic person to whom she could unburden herself.

2. The Centre became a place where many came to unburden themselves, to talk about their hopes and fears.

中心成为这样一个地方，人们来倾诉，谈谈渴望，恐惧等等。 Usage:

unburden oneself to sb. 向人倾诉

unburden one’s heart, soul, conscience 解除心灵上、良心上的负担 unburden oneself of a secret 说出秘密

carry away

[usu. pass.] fill with strong feeling or excitement, esp. so as to cause unreasonable behaviour [一般用被动语态]使忘其所以，使忘形；使兴奋

e. g. 1. I got rather carried away at the clothes sale and spent far too much money that day.

2. He tends to get carried away when watching wrestling on TV. 实用文案

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他看到电视中的摔跤比赛就很兴奋。

spectacle n.

1. sth. exhibited to view; a grand public show or scene 壮观的场面（景象） e. g. 1. The carnival is a magnificent spectacle.

2. The sunrise seen from high in the mountains was a tremendous spectacle. 从山上居高远望, 日出景象蔚为奇观。

2. (usu derog ) object of attention, esp. sb. / sth. unusual or ridiculous （通常作贬义）注意的目标；（尤指）

不同寻常的或滑稽的人[事物]

e.g. 1. The trial was turned into a public spectacle. 庭审变成了一幕公共闹剧。

2. Visitors to London are often shocked by the spectacle of people begging in the streets. 来到伦敦，看到街上有人乞讨，人们常常感到诧异。 Phrases:

make a spectacle of oneself （因行为、穿着等）出丑, 出洋相 3. [plural][fml or old-fashioned] glasses that help you see （复数）（正式或过时）眼镜 e.g. He looked at me over the tops of his spectacles.

obligation n.

[C; U] a condition or influence that makes it necessary for sb. to do sth.; duty 义务，职责，责任 e. g. 1. Sons and daughters should consider it a moral obligation to look after their aged parents.

2. You have a legal obligation to ensure your child receives a proper education. 确保你的孩子接受良好的教育，这是你的法律责任。

Collocations:

have an obligation (to do something) 有义务 be under an obligation (to do something) 有义务 be under no obligation (to do something) 没有义务 meet / fulfil / honour an obligation 履行义务

impose an obligation on sb. 使某人有义务（做某事） owe somebody an obligation 欠了某人人情

moral / legal / social obligation 道德 / 法律 / 社会责任 a sense of obligation 职责感

hence adv.

1. fml (often in a phrase without a verb) for this reason or from this origin; therefore 〖正式〗因此，由此，所以（常用于无动词短语中）

e. g. 1. She didn’t promise me anything when we first met; hence she did not go back on her word.

2. The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry. Hence factory location is an important consideration.

对一个企业来说，交通运输费用是很大一笔开支。所以工厂选址需要认真考虑。

2. from this time 从此时起

e. g. The new model is to be released four years hence. 新型号将在四年后发布。

selective a.

1. having an effect only on certain things; not general 仅对某些东西有效的；有选择力的，非普遍的 e. g. 1. You need a selective weed killer that won’t damage your garden flowers.

2. Selective breeding may result in a greyhound running faster and seeing better than a wolf. 选择性育种将培育出一种速度和视力都比狼厉害的猎狗。

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2. (about ) tending to choose carefully （常与about搭配）挑拣的

e.g. People are becoming more and more selective about what foods they buy these days.

digestion n.

[C; U] the act or ability of changing food into a form that the body can use after eating 消化；消化力，消化作用

e. g. 1. Don’t eat too much rich food — it’s bad for your digestion.

2. Eating raw food helps balance your body and aids digestion. 吃粗纤维食物帮助你平衡机体，有助于消化。

digest vt. digestive a.

current n.

n. a continuingly moving mass of liquid or gas, esp. one flowing through slower-moving liquid or gas 流；水流；气流

e. g. 1. Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly. 有些鸟利用暖气流帮助飞行。

2. Strong currents can be very dangerous for swimmers. 对游泳者来说湍急的水流是很危险的。

3. A sudden surge in the current made the lights fuse. 电压突然增加烧断了保险丝而使电灯熄灭。 a.

1. of the present time; happening now 现在的；现行的；当前发生的 e. g. Have you seen the current issue of Vogue magazine? 你看了最新一期Vogue杂志吗？

2. in common or general use; generally accepted 通用的；通行的；被普遍接受的 e. g. This custom was still current in the late 1960s. 这种习俗在60年代末期还是很流行的。

break off

1. (cause to) end, esp. suddenly （使）突然结束，中断，解除

e. g. 1. The talks between the two sides broke off without any agreement being reached.

2. She broke off their engagement only a few weeks before they were due to be married. 在婚期前几周，她突然解除了婚约。 2. suddenly stop talking 停止讲话

e. g. He broke off in the middle of the sentence. 他一句话只说了一半就停住了。

Difficult Sentences for Text A

1. Now to be able to live two hours out of twelve in a different world and take one’s thoughts off the claims

of the immediate present is, of course, a privilege to be envied by people shut up in their bodily prison. (Para. 2)

Q: What is the subject of the sentence? And the verb?

A: The subject is “to be able to live...and take...”. The verb is “is”.

Q: What does it mean to “live two hours out of twelve in a different world and take one’s thoughts off the claims of the immediate present”?

A: Spend two hours every day (roughly, twelve hours active) on reading and while reading, one can escape from reality and live in the world described in the book. Q: Please translate this sentence into Chinese.

A: 一个人在十二小时之中，能够在一个不同的世界里生活二小时，完全忘怀眼前的现实环境：这当然是那些禁锢在他们的身体监狱里的人所妒羡的权利。

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2. Even if it is a book about physical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person or

living through them, and reading about them in books, for then the events always assume the quality of a spectacle and the reader becomes a detached spectator. (Para. 3)

Q: How does reading about an event different from actually watching or experiencing the event?

A: While we are reading it in the book, the event takes on the quality of a magnificent display and we then become observers, impartial, not involved. Q: Please translate this sentence into Chinese.

A: 纵使那是一本关于现实事情的书，亲眼看见那些事情或亲历其境，和在书中读到那些事情，其间也有不同的地方，因为在书本里所叙述的事情往往变成一片景象，而读者也变成一个冷眼旁观的人。

3. The net gain comes as much from the reader’s contribution through his own insight and experience as

from the author’s own. (Para. 9)

Q: What are the two parts of “gain” from reading?

A: One part is what the author contributes in his book, and the other part is what the reader understand while reading the book. The reader’s understanding is based on his personal insight and experience. Q: Translate the following sentence, using the pattern “as much from… as from…”: 一个人的社会地位可能来源于所挣得的收入，也可能来源于所花费的金钱。 A: For reference:

A person’s social status may derive as much from the earning of income as from the spending of it.

Extended Questions

▇ Extended questions (Para. 1)

Q: What do you think reading can give us?

A: It can give us incomparable pleasure. Reading nourishes our mind and broadens our horizons. It

enriches our knowledge and improves our character and taste. Reading is to the mind as food is to the body. In other words, reading nourishes the mind and soul.

▇ Extended questions (Para. 3)

Q: Do you sometimes find yourself in a contemplative mood when reading a good book?

A: Answers may vary, but most students would give an affirmative answer. In fact, when we are reading a

good book, we are invariably carried away into a world of thought and reflection. This is especially true of reading literature. We tend to empathise with a particular character in a novel or a play, whose life or behaviour makes us think, laugh, cry or wonder. And it is through such contemplation and reflection that our mind and soul get nourished.

▇ Extended questions (Para. 6)

Q: Do you think one should read selectively or extensively?

A: Answers may vary. Some may hold that we should read selectively for the simple reason that it is both

impossible and unnecessary for us to read all books. Moreover, only by reading selectively can we “cultivate personal charm of appearance and flavour in speech” and get the flavour or taste of reading. After all, flavour or taste is the key to all reading. Others may think otherwise. They may hold that we should read extensively, for reading extensively can help us broaden our horizons and provide us with encyclopedic knowledge. Still others may hold a balanced view. They may attach more importance to the ways of reading rather than what kind of books should be read. As Francis Bacon says, “Some books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.”

▇ Extended questions (Para. 7)

Q: Do you know anything about the Book of Changes?

A: Yes. The Book of Changes or Zhouyi, is one of the oldest of the Chinese classic texts. The book

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