第3讲 情态动词与虚拟语气
1.________ not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.
(2017·江苏,22)
A.It were C.It was 答案 B
解析 句意为:如果没有老师们的支持,这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语用were;在非真实条件句中,如果有should,had或were时,可以省略if,而把should,had或were提至主语前,形成部分倒装,故选B项。
2.Samuel,the tallest boy in our class,________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
(2017·北京,21)
A.must C.can 答案 C
解析 句意为:我们班最高的男孩塞缪尔能轻松地够到顶层架子上的书。此处表示能力,要用can。must必须;should应当,应该;need需要。
3.If the new safety system _________ to use,the accident would never have happened.
(2017·北京,34)
A.had been put C.should be put 答案 A
解析 句意为:要是新的安全系统被投入使用了的话,这起事故就不会发生了。此处表示与过去事实相反的情况,所以从句谓语用过去完成时,选A项。
4.My room is a mess,but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.
(2017·天津,2)
A.daren’t C.needn’t
B.shouldn’t D.mustn’t B.were put D.would be put B.should D.need B.Were it D.Was it
答案 C
解析 句意为:我的房间很乱,不过今晚在我出去之前,我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。daren’t不敢;shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t不准。 5.—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes.Otherwise,I ________ able to reach her yesterday.(2017·天津,15) A.hadn’t been C.weren’t 答案 B
解析 句意为:——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?——有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气,此处表示与过去事实相反的情况,谓语动词用would have done,故选B项。
6.If it ________ for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.(2016·江苏,27) A.had not been C.were not to be 答案 A
解析 句意为:如果不是他前几天邀请我,我现在就不会在这里了。根据句子结构和句意可知,此处为虚拟语气,再结合时间状语the other day可知,这是对过去行为的虚拟,故if从句要用过去完成时。
7.I love the weekend,because I _______ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.(2016·北京,31) A.needn’t C.wouldn’t 答案 A
解析 句意为:我喜欢周末,因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。needn’t不需要;mustn’t禁止;wouldn’t不会;shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知选A项。
8.Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me,I could have helped.(2016·北京,34) A.told C.were to tell 答案 B
解析 句意为:你上周为什么不告诉我你的麻烦。如果你告诉了我,我就能够帮助你。根据
B.had told D.would tell B.mustn’t D.shouldn’t B.should not be D.should not have been B.wouldn’t have been D.wouldn’t be
last week可知,事情发生在过去;根据主句谓语动词could have done可知,是对过去情况的虚拟,因此从句应用过去完成时had done。故选B项。
9.It was really annoying;I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
(2016·天津,5)
A.wouldn’t C.shouldn’t 答案 B
解析 句意为:真烦人,我无权使用你推荐的资料库。B项couldn’t意为“不能”,符合语境。wouldn’t不愿意;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t没必要。
10.I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadn’t been wearing one,I ________.(2016·天津,15) A.were injured C.had been injured 答案 D
解析 句意为:我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话,我会受伤的。根据题干中的“If I hadn’t been wearing one”可知,此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,所以主句的谓语用would have been injured。
11.George ________ too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016·浙江,17) A.must have gone C.can’t have gone 答案 C
解析 句意为:乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是温的。can’t have done表示对过去情况的否定推测,意为“不可能做了??”。
12.Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths ________ since their highest in 2005.(2016·浙江,15) A.had not fallen C.did not fall 答案 D
解析 句意为:如果政府和科学家们不一起合作的话,与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会自2005年的最高值降下来。根据Had the governments and scientists not worked together可知事情发生在过去,因此是对过去情况的虚拟,主句用would have done形式。故选D项。
B.would not fall D.would not have fallen B.might have gone D.needn’t have gone B.would be injured D.would have been injured B.couldn’t D.needn’t