(3) 由whether 引导 例：The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is not decided. 他是否会参加会议这个问题还没决定。 (4) 由who引导。

例：The question who will go abroad needs considering. 谁将去国外这个问题需要考虑。

(5) 由when 引导 例：I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他们什么时候回来定居。

(6) 由that 引导 例：The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good. 学生应该有很多练习，这个建议不错。

(7) 由how 引导 例：He can’t answer the question how he got the money. 他是怎样得到那钱的，他不能回答这个问题。

(8) 由why 引导 例: We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我搞不懂这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。 句型72 with复合宾语句型

(1) with + n + adj. 例：He stared at me with his mouth open. 他张着嘴凝视着我。 (2) with + n + adv 例：The boy stood there, with his head down. 这男孩低着头站在那。

(3) with + n + 介词短语 例：He stood with his hand in his pocket. 他站着，一手插在衣袋里。

(4) with + n + 动词不定式(表要干的事) 例：With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.

由于没有可谈话的人，John觉得很悲伤。 (5) with + n + 现在分词

例：With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价迅猛上涨，我们买不起高当商品。 (6) with + n + 过去分词 例：With her eyes fixed on the opposite wall, she did not answer immediately. 她的眼睛盯着对面的墙壁，她没有立即回答。 句型73 have 复合宾语句型： (1) have sb do sth

例：I won't have you say such things. 我绝不会让你说这样的话。 (2) have sb doing

例：She will have you doing all the housework if you are're not carefully. 如果你再不小心的话，她就让你做全部家务。 (3) have sth done （表找人干某事或表遭遇）

例：I have my hair cut every six weeks. 我每六个星期剪一次头。

I had my watch stolen.(我的手表叫人偷了。) 句型74几个重要的目的状语从句句型：

11

(1) in case 例：He left early in case he should miss the last train. 他动身得早，以免误了最后一班火车。 (2) for fear (that) 以免，唯恐 例：He handled the instrument with care for fear (that) it should be damaged. 他小心翼翼地摆弄那仪器，以防把它弄坏。

(3) so that/ in order that以便--- 例：Let’s take the front seats so that we can see more clearly.让我们坐到前面的座位上，以便能看得更清楚些。 句型75几个难掌握的主语从句和宾语从句

(1)You may take whatever(=anything/everything that)you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。

(2) You may take whichever(=any) seat you like. 你想坐哪个位置就坐哪个位置。 (3) Whoever(=Anyone who) cuts the trees down must be punished. 任何一个砍树的人都必须受到惩罚。

(4) You may give the note to whomever (=anyone whom) you meet at the office. 你可以把条子给你在办公室看到的任何一个人。

句型76 使用现在完成时和过去完成时的常用句型 (1) since句型：主句用完成时 例：My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 从1949年，我婶婶就一直在一家诊所工作。 (2) since when +完成时

例：Since when have you planted so many young trees?从什么时候你种植了这么多小树的？

(3) This/it is the first (third...) time sb have done sth 例：This is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次到这儿。

(4) by?（到??为止）到过去某个时候为止用过去完成时，到现在为止用现在完成时，到将来某个时候为止用将来完成时。

例：She will have finished the book by my next birthday.到我下一个生日为止,我将完成那本书。

By eleven o'clock yesterday, we had arrived at the airport.到昨天十一点止我们就已经到达机场了。 但比较：By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners were seated.就在主讲者进入大厅的时候，所有的听众都坐好了。

(5) in the past time( two days/years...) +完成时

例：In the past 10 years, there have been great changes in our family life.在过去的十年里，我们的家庭生活发生了很大的变化。

(6) hardly ... when.... (no sooner ... than)句型用过去完成时 例：Hardly had I reached the school when the bell rang. 我一到学校，铃子就响了。

No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang.我们刚坐到桌子旁边电话就响了。

12

(7) 未实现的愿望打算等等用过去完成时

例：I had thought I could pass the final examination but I failed. 句型7 几种特殊的状语从句句型：

(1) everywhere 引导 例：Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed.他们每到一处就收到热烈的欢迎。

(2) anywhere 引导 例：We’ll go anywhere the Party directs us.党指向哪我们就去哪。 (3) the way 引导“---的方式） 后用in which或that引出从句，也可以不用连词。 例：She is doing her work the way I like it done. 她在用她喜欢的方法做她的工作。 (4) like 引导 例：The landlord was watching him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse. 那地主监视着他就像猫监视老鼠一样。 (5) immediately引导

例：I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called. 我一刻也没停留，你一打电话我就来的。 句型78

有关it的几个特殊句型 ：

(1) owe it to sb. that?把?归功于? 例：I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。 (2) take it for granted that ?想当然

例：I take it for granted that they will support this idea. 我认为他们会支持这个提议是理所当然的。 (3) keep it in mind that… 要记住---

例：It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work. 一定要记住的是成功的秘密是努力的工作。

(4) It can be seen from the statistics that ...从这个统计可看出??例句：It can be seen from the statistics that exercise is good for us.

从这个统计可以看出，练习对我们是有好处的。

(5). It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to, appreciate, stand 宾语从句紧跟it之后 例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't. 我妒嫉你游泳那么好，而我不能。

I would appreciate it if you call me back this evening. 如果你晚上给我回电话,我会非常感激.

I can't stand it when people talk with their mouth full. 我无法忍受别人说话的时候满嘴食物. (6) It must be pointed out that 必须指出的是

例句：It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population.

一定要指出的是国家基本政策之一是在提高人口质量的同时控制人口增长。

(8) It has been proved that? 有人已经证实?例：It has been proved that his theory is

13

right.

已经证明，他的理论是对的。 句型7 列举、说明句型：

(1) on the one hand --- ; on the other hand (2) For one thing ---; for another thing ---

例：For one thing, these shoes don't suit you. For another, they are too expensive. 一方面,这双鞋子并不适合你;另一方面,这太贵了. (3) It is one thing to...; it is another to...

做这件事是一回事；做那件事是另一回事

(4) what's more ---; morever ---; furthermore --- (5) Firstly ---; secondly ---; finally --- (6) In the first place ---; in the second place ---

(7)First of all/to begin with ---; in addition/besides --- 句型80 总结句型：

(1) Through the above analysis(分析)

例：Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones. 通过以上分析，我认为积极因素大于消极因素。 (2) To sum up,总而言之, ? /(3) In short... 总之??/ In short,

例：To sum up, there are three ways of solving the problems. 总而言之，解决这个问题的方法有三条。

例： the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.总之，学生们还没有达成一致的意见。

(4) In a word , it is clear that? 总之，很明显?? 例：In a word, it is clear that smoking does harm to our health.总之，很明显，抽烟对我们健康有害。 (5) On account of this we can find that ? 由此我们可以知道?

例：On account of this we can find that it is not suitable for middle school students to have cell phones.由此我们可以发现中学生持有手机是不合适的。 (6) In conclusion ? 结论之, ?

例：In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally结论之，我们必须理性地考虑这个问题.

(7) All in all, it is obvious that ?..总之，很明显??例：All in all, it is obvious that the government should set up different kinds of schools to meet the demands of different children.

总之，很明显，政府应该建立多种不同的学校去满足不同孩子的需要。

(8) From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion

that ... 从以上所讨论的东西来看/考虑到所有这些因素，我们完全可以得出这的结论??

14