模拟联合国词典 按英文字母排序：A｜B｜C｜D｜F｜G｜H｜I｜L｜M｜O｜P｜Q｜R｜S｜T｜U｜V｜W｜Y

A

Abstain 弃权

During a vote on a substantive matter, a delegate may abstain rather than vote yes or no. This means that the delegate neither supports nor opposes the resolution on the go.

在一个关于实体性问题的投票中，代表除了可以选择“是”或者“否”，还可以选择“弃权”。这意味着此代表既不支持也不反对正在进行投票表决的决议。 Agenda 议程

Agenda is the order of topics to be discussed in a conference, usually being set after the roll call.

点名完毕后，委员会所设定的议题讨论顺序。 Amendment 修正案

Amendment is a form of document to amend a draft resolution. The two types of amendments are friendly amendment and unfriendly amendment. 修正案是用来对正在讨论的决议草案提出修改意见的文件。修正案分为两种：友好修正案与非友好修正案。 B

Background Guide 背景指导

A background guide is a research report of topics on the conference written by the dais and distributed to the delegates before the conference.

背景指导是一份关于会议即将讨论议题的调研报告，一般由会议主席团撰写，并在会前分发给各国代表。 Bloc 国家集团

A bloc is a group of countries within a same geographical region or holding similar country positions on a particular topic. The determining factor in forming a bloc is sharing the common national interests 一组处于同一地理区域或者就某一议题有类似观点的国家。组成国家集团的决定性因素是具有共同的国家利益。 C

Caucus 磋商

Caucus is a form of discussion in formal debate, in which delegates may discuss a subtopic more specifically. There are two types of caucus: moderated caucus and un-moderated caucus. 磋商是正式辩论过程中一种深入讨论议题的方式。磋商分为两种类型：有主持核心磋商和自由磋商。 Chair 主席

Chair is a member of the dais who is responsible for moderating debate, timing, ruling on points and motions, and imposing the rules of procedure.

主席是负责主持辩论、计时、裁决问题及动议，并执行会议流程的主席团成员。

Committee 委员会

A committee is a deliberative assembly, an organization comprising members who use parliamentary procedure for making decisions. In Model UN conference, committees are usually the simulations of principal organs, subsidiary bodies, programs, funds, research and training institutes, special organizations, entities or regional commissions of UN system. Delegates discuss relevant topics and resolutions according to the given functions, powers, and rules of procedure of the committees. “委员会”是一个协商会议，一个由代表组成,按议事程序讨论议题并做出决策的有序组织。模拟联合国会议中的委员会大多模仿联合国主要机构、附属机构、规划署、基金会、调研及培训机构、特殊组织、实体和区域委员会建立。代表需依据所在委员会的职权范围和议事规则讨论相关议题。

Crisis 危机

\ matter or unexpected event that happens during a conference. Usually designed by the dais before the conference, a crisis may be related to the topic being discussed on the floor. The forms of crisis include news report, official document from international organizations, video profile, or directive from embassies or governments. 危机是会议进行当中，各国代表需要立即处理的突发性事件。模联会议中的危机一般由主席团在会前设置好，事件可能与代表们讨论的议题相关。事件的形式有若干种，可能是突发事件的新闻报道，可能是国际组织的文件，可能是相关人员的视频资料，也可能是外交官派出国政府发来的外交指令等。 D

Dais 主席团

Usually consisted of a Chair, a Director and a Rapporteur, a dais is a group of people in charge of a Model UN conference.

主席团由主席、会议总监和主席助理组成，负责组织模拟联合国的会议。

Delegate 代表

Representing an UN Member State, an observer or an international organization, delegate is a person chosen or elected to express views in a Model UN conference.

代表是模拟联合国会议中受委托或指派表达意见的人，可以代表一个联合国成员国，一个观察国，或一个国际组织。

Delegation 代表团

Delegation is a group of delegates representing the same UN Member State, an observer or an international organization in a Model UN conference. Delegation is also used to describe the delegates from the same participating group, e.g. the same high school or college.

代表团是指模联会议中，在不同委员会代表同一个成员国或观察国的全体代表。代表团也指来自同一参与团体的所有代表，例如来自同一高中或大学的全体代表。

Director 会议总监

Director is a member of the dais who is in charge of overseeing delegates' role-playing, document writing and topic researching.

会议总监是负责监督代表角色扮演、文件写作及议题调研的主席团成员。

Draft Resolution 决议草案

Written by the delegates, draft resolution is a form of document that seeks to solve the issues addressed by a Model UN committee. If passed by the committee, the draft resolution will become a resolution. Only one draft resolution will be passed for each topic in a committee.

决议草案是由代表草拟、为委员会所讨论的议题寻求解决方案的一种文件格式。如果被投票通过，那么决议草案就成为正式决议。在一个委员会中，有关同一个议题的决议草案只能通过一份。

Draft Directive 指令草案

Draft directive is a form of document that aims at successfully solving the crisis. A draft directive is only composed by operative clauses. The actions taken under the directive need to be instant and effective instead of long-term. Amandments are welcome to a draft directive, of which the unfriendly ones shall be passed after votes.

指令草案是针对危机处理的文件。指令草案的表决通过标志着危机的成功解决。指令草案由行动性条款构成。指令草案的行动措施要立即、有效，避免长远规划。代表可以对指令草案提出修正案，其中，非友好修正案也需要表决。 F

Faculty Advisor 指导教师

Faculty Advisor is a teacher or faculty responsible for advising students to run a Model UN club and training a delegation.

指导教师是负责指导学生运营模拟联合国社团并训练模联代表团的教学人员。

Flow of the Debate 会议流程

Flow of debate is the order in which events proceed during a Model UN conference.