400-080-6358 www.zhan.com 3. The word forced in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by (A) obliged (B) required (C) pushed (D) commanded

4. The word hue in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to (A) color (B) odor (C) thickness (D) smoke

5. The phrase plays a role in in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to (A) makes fun of (B) serves a function in (C) acts the part of (D) moves about in 参考答案：BDCAB

Parasitic plants

1 Parasitic plants are plants that survive by using food produced by host plants rather than by producing their own food from the Sun's energy. Because they do not need sunlight to survive, parasitic plants are generally found in umbrageous areas rather than in areas exposed to direct sunlight. Parasitic plants attach themselves to host plants, often to the stems or roots, by means of haustoria, which the parasite uses to make its way into the food channels of the host plant and absorb the nutrients that it needs to survive from the host plant.

2 The world's heaviest flower, a species of rafflesia, is a parasite that flourishes among, and lives off of, the roots of jungle vines. Each of these ponderous blooms can weigh up to 15 pounds (7 kg) and can measure up to 3 feet (1m) across.

11. The word umbrageous in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

400-080-6358 www.zhan.com (A) moist (B) well lit (C) shaded (D) buried

12. Haustoria in paragraph 1 are most likely (A) offshoots from the parasite (B) seeds of the host plant (C) fruits from the host plant (D) food for the parasite

13. The phrase make its way into in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to (A) develop (B) penetrate (C) outline (D) eat

14. The word ponderous in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to (A) smelly (B) hidden (C) mature (D) heavy

15. The word across in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by (A) in diameter (B) on the other side (C) at a distance (D) inside and out 参考答案：CABDA

400-080-6358 www.zhan.com 5. 指代题

练习题：

（1） When small fish venture too close to the tentacles of these \

and eaten.

（2） The male seals do not journey so far. They swim only to the islands and there the cycle

begins again.

（3） The mountain's summit is broad and rounded. It is 14,410 feet above sea level and has

an area of about one square mile.

（4） Although wagon trains had been used to haul freight and passengers between the

Eastern seaboard and the Ohio Valley since 1812, they were first used extensively in the 1820's on the Santa Fe Trail.

（5） The clownfish even builds its nest where the anemone can protect it.

（6） X-rays allow art historians to examine paintings internally without damaging them. （7） Florists often refrigerate cut flowers to protect their fresh appearance.

（8） Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants; others with feathers

that made the baskets' surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds.

（9） Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or

architectural decorations, while others carved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads. （10） Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life, were lured to the cities by promises of

steady employment, regular paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities. Others were pushed there when new technologies made their labor cheap or expendable.

（11） Some species, for example, begin by dropping the outermost primary feathers on each

side and wait until the replacement feathers are about one-third grown before shedding the next outermost, and so on. Others always start with the innermost primary feathers and work outward.

（12） The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American

colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries form town economies to their present urban structures. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and

400-080-6358 www.zhan.com developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.

（13） The energy content of food is stored in the chemical bonds that link its atoms and

molecules.

（14） In the past, biologists considered mushrooms and other fungi as a type of non-free

plant. Today, however, they are most commonly regarded as a separate kingdom of living things.

Animal Congregation

Many types of animals combine the advantages of family association with those conferred by membership in still larger groups. Bees congregate in hives; some fish move in schools; ants gather in mounds; wolves live in packs; deer associate in herds. The main Line advantage of membership in a mass community is the safety that it provides. A large group (5) of prey may be easier for a predator to find at any given point than is a small one, and a predator may think twice before taking on such a group; if a predator does decide to challenge a large group, it may merely encounter a confusing mass of moving bodies and possibly may not succeed in its primary goal.

1. The word those in the passage refers to (A) types (B) animals (C) advantages (D) groups

2. The word it in line 4 refers to (A) advantage (B) membership (C) community (D) safety

3. The word one in the passage refers to (A) group

400-080-6358 www.zhan.com (B) prey (C) predator (D) point

4. The word it in line 7 refers to (A) predator (B) group (C) mass (D) goal

参考答案： 1-4：C、B、A、A

New World Epidemics

A huge loss of life resulted from the introduction of Old World diseases into the Americas in the early sixteenth century. The inhabitants of the Americas were separated from Asia, Africa, and Europe by rising oceans following the Ice Ages, and, as a result, they were isolated by means of this watery barrier from numerous virulent epidemic diseases that had developed across the ocean, such as measles, smallpox, pneumonia, and malaria. Pre-Columbian Americans had a relatively disease-free environment but also lacked the antibodies needed to protect them from bacteria and viruses brought to America by European explorers and colonists. A devastating outbreak of disease the strikes for the first time against a completely unprotected population is known as a virgin soil epidemic. Virgin soil epidemics contributed to an unbelievable decline in the population of native inhabitants of the Americas, one that has been estimated at as much as an 80 percent decrease of the native population in the centuries following the arrival of Europeans in the Americas.

10. The word they in the passage refers to (A) the inhabitants (B) epidemic diseases (C) rising oceans (D) the Ice Ages