Unit5

Task1

1. The speaker announced the establishment/setup of a new college. 2. He has traveled extensively in China, recording every facet/aspect of life. 3. This negative attitude is surprisingly prevalent/common among young boys. 4. At that point, the public sector deficit was estimated/judged to be around ￡45 billion. 5. It was claimed/stated that some doctors were working 80 hours a week. 6. Wildlife seems to flourish/grow well in the area. 7. He lives in Australia now, so we only see him very occasionally/sometimes. 8. She has been commissioned/contracted to write a new national anthem. 9. One of the most prestigious/admired universities in the country is looking for a new president.

10. He wouldn’t let me reimburse/pay him for the cost of his journey. 11. Gaining confidence is a major component/part when developing leadership skills. 12. We need to be given greater flexibility/ability to make changes in the use of resources. 13. He’ll never get anywhere working for himself – he lacks self-discipline/self-control. Task2

1. It’s one of the greatest masterpieces of Western art. 2. I never quite mastered the art of walking in high heels. 3. He doesn’t have mastery of the basic rules of grammar.

4. He has clearly committed his government to continuing down the path of economic reform.

5. You can commission them to paint something especially for you.

6. She doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment. 7. Franklin is in charge of executing the company’s reorganization plan. 8. The solicitors are proceeding with the execution of her mother’s will. 9. He sits on the executive committee that manages the bank. 10. Bear’s Cafe needs to pay more attention to presentation and taste. 11. The goddess is represented as a woman with cow’s horns. 12. The sword was presented by family to the museum. 13. Were you present when the news was announced? 14. The patent lists six inventors who worked on the system.

15. Foreign investors have shown considerable interest in the venture. 16. Caesar planned vast projects and emerged as a great military innovator. 17. We had to stop for breath before we got to the top. 18. She lay awake listening to her sister’s steady breathing.

19. The bank’s new online service is still growing at a breathtaking pace. 20. I was a little breathless and my heartbeat was bumpy and fast.

21. The emotional and physical strain of the previous day had left him exhausted. 22. The drug produced no obvious physiological response.

23. Robyn’s loss of memory is a psychological problem, rather than a physical one. 24. Martial arts teach respect, discipline, and cooperation.

25. We are trying to get the baby into a routine of feeding and sleeping. 26. You must discipline yourself to finish your work on time. 27. You’re getting better – you just need a little more practice. 28. The new drug has performed well in tests.

29. Gemma spent hours trying to perfect her technique.

30. In those days it was not thought entirely proper for a woman to be on the stage.

31. The decision provoked an angry reaction from local residents.

32. It took hours of negotiations to bring about a reconciliation between the two sides. 33. The demonstrators offered little or no resistance to the police. 34. There has been response to his remarks from the government. Task3

Yoga is an ancient system of relaxation, exercise, and healing with origins in Indian

philosophy. Early descriptions of yoga are written in Sanskrit, the classical literary language of India. The first known work is The Yoga Sutras, written more than 2000 years ago, although yoga may have been practiced up to 5000 years ago. The initial concepts have been adapted over time through translation and scholarly interpretation, but the fundamental principles describing the practice of yoga in the quest of the soul remain largely intact. Yoga has been described as “the union of mind, body, and spirit”, which addresses physical, mental, intellectual, emotional and spiritual dimensions towards an overall harmonious state of being. The philosophy of yoga is sometimes pictured as a tree with eight branches. These eight limbs are: pranayama (breathing exercises), asana (physical postures), yama (moral behavior), niyama (healthy habit), dharana (concentration), prathyahara (sense withdrawal), dhyana (contemplation), and Samadhi (higher consciousness). There are several schools of yoga practice, such as hatha yoga, karma yoga, and raja yoga. These schools vary in the proportions of the exercises of the eight limbs. However, they are all similar in working towards the goal of self-realization and control of mental, physiological, and psychological parameters through yogic experiences. In the United States and Europe, hatha yoga is commonly practiced, including pranayama and asanas. Yoga is often practiced by healthy individuals with the aim to achieve relaxation, fitness, and a healthy lifestyle. Yoga has also been recommended and used for a variety

of medical conditions. Yoga techniques can be learned in classes or through videotape instruction. Classes last from to minutes and are offered at various skill levels.

Unit6

Task1

1. The press has been asked to respect the privacy of Royal Family during this very different time.

2. The pharmaceutical company attracted a considerable amount of funding for research into a cure for cancer.

3. A conference might help create new marketing ideas or provide an arena for discussion of problems.

4. His book is the cultural event of the year. 5. The mountaintop provides a spectacular view of Innsbruck and its surroundings. 6. Finance during marriage separation is a very big issue particularly with regards to the mortgage and household bills.

7. Ed’s already fragile health deteriorated after he left the hospital. 8. A man driven by jealousy is capable of anything. 9. Glenn started acting peculiar after his wife’s funeral.

10. If a vitamin is frequently absent from the diet, a deficiency may develop.

Task2

1. Corbett could scarcely understand some of the accents and contented himself with gazing around.

2. An annual convention of the World Bank was held in Geneva last week. 3. Do you need to be tall to play basketball well? 4. She felt curiously calm in front of the crowd. 5. The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms was adopted in to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. 6. Many of the essays are political in content. 7. Brock’s attorney has yet to execute the will. 8. A few curious neighbors came out to see what was going on. 9. The state will execute him in hours unless his appeal is granted. 10. First impressions really do count. 11. We’ll be content with a respectable result in tomorrow’s match. 12. Italian neo-realism breaks with film conventions of the past. 13. A linesman had his flag up so the kick did not count. 14. For the next four years they defied convention by living as man and wife when they were not.

15. Finding a replacement is going to be a tall order.

Task3

The culture of New York City is shaped by centuries of immigration, the city’s size and variety, and its status as the cultural capital of the United States. Because of its sheer size and cultural influence, New York has been the subject of many different, and often contradictory portrayals in the mass media. From the sophisticated and worldly metropolis seen in many Woody Allen films, to the hellish and chaotic urban jungle depicted in such movies as Martin Scorsese’s Taxi Driver, New York has served as the unwitting backdrop for virtually every conceivable viewpoint on big city life.