摘 要

悬架是现代汽车上的重要总成之一，它把车架（或车身）与车轴（或轮胎）弹性地连接起来。它的主要作用是传递作用在车轮和车身之间的一切力和力矩，比如支撑力、制动力和驱动力等，并且缓和由不平路面传给车身的冲击载荷、衰减由此引起的振动、保证乘员的舒适性、减小货物和车辆本身的动载荷。

本文完成的是东方之子轿车前悬架设计，重点从东方之子轿车前悬架的选型、减振器的计算及选型、弹性元件形式的选择计算及选型和横向稳定杆的设计计算。首先，我把形式不同的悬架的优缺点进行了比较，然后定下东方之子轿车前悬架的形式—麦弗逊式悬架，最后围绕麦弗逊式悬架的部件进行设计。先是弹簧的设计计算，再是减振器的计算选型，最后是横向稳定杆的设计。

关键词：悬架；麦弗逊式；设计

I

Abstract

Suspension is an important element of one of the modern automobile, it flexibly to link the chassis (orbody) and axle (or tires) . Its main role is the role of transmission in the bodybetween the wheels and all the power and moment, such as support of, system dynamics anddriving force, and easing the road to the whole body impact load, decay resulting vibration,ensure the comfort of the crew, cargo and vehicles reduce their moving load.

The main stress is front suspension design，Training emphasis from the former car models,and models Absorber calculations, flexible choice of components and models and forms ofstabilizer bar design data.First of all, I have a different form of a suspension of the advantages and disadvantagescompared to the previous suspension of the car and then set form Eastar on suspension.Then design around Eastar suspension components. First, the spring-loaded design terms,to be absorber calculation models, a horizontal stabilizer bar final calculation. stabilizer bar.

Keyword : Suspension, Macpherson ,Design

II

目 录

摘 要............................................................................................................................... I Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II 1 绪论............................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 课题背景和意义.............................................................................................. 1 1.2 悬架的发展历史和现状.................................................................................. 2 1.3 悬架的发展趋势.............................................................................................. 4 1.4 课题主要内容和研究目的.............................................................................. 5 2 悬架结构方案分析.................................................................................................... 6

2.1 悬架总成分析.................................................................................................. 6 2.2 独立悬架优缺点分析...................................................................................... 7 2.3 独立悬架特点与分类...................................................................................... 8

2.3.1 双横臂式悬架结构及特性分析............................................................ 8 2.3.2 单横臂式悬架结构及特性分析............................................................ 9 2.3.3 单纵臂式悬架结构及特性分析.......................................................... 10 2.3.4 单斜臂式悬架结构及特性分析.......................................................... 11 2.3.5 麦弗逊式悬架结构及特性分析.......................................................... 12 2.1.6 扭转梁式悬架结构及特性分析.......................................................... 13

3 麦弗逊式独立悬架设计.......................................................................................... 14

3.1 麦弗逊式独立悬架设计概述........................................................................ 14 3.3 麦弗逊悬架的结构分析................................................................................ 15 3.4 悬架的弹性特性设计.................................................................................... 16 3.5 悬架挠度fc 的设计..................................................................................... 17

3.5.1 悬架静挠度 fc 的设计...................................................................... 17 3.5.2 悬架动挠度fd设计............................................................................ 18 3.6 悬架弹性元件设计........................................................................................ 18

3.6.1 螺旋弹簧分析...................................................................................... 18 3.6.2 螺旋弹簧的材料及许用应力选择...................................................... 19 3.6.3 弹簧参数的计算选择.......................................................................... 20 3.6.4 计算空载刚度...................................................................................... 20

III