【江苏】2014版英语《高考专题辅导》专题检测卷二十八-任务型阅

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In secret, we all talk to ourselves—an inner monologue(自言自语)that might seem rather pointless. As that study and others go on to show, the act of giving ourselves mental messages can help us learn and perform at our best. Researchers have identified the most effective forms of self-talk so that the next time you talk to yourself, you know exactly what you should say.

Self-talk isn’t just motivational message like “You can do it! ”or “Almost there, ”although this internal(内心的)cheering section can give us confidence. A review of more than two dozen studies, published last year in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science, found that there’s another kind of mental message that is even more useful, called “instructional self-talk”. This is the kind of comment we engage in when we’re carrying out a difficult task, especially one that’s unfamiliar to us. Think about when you were first learning to drive. Your self-talk might have gone something like this: “Foot on the gas pedal, hands on the wheel,

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【江苏】2014版英语《高考专题辅导》专题检测卷二十八-任务型阅

读] slow down for the curve here, now put your blinker on. . . ”

Over time, of course, giving yourself instructions becomes unnecessary—but while you’re learning, it does three important things. First, it improves our attention, focusing us on the important elements of the task and screening out distractions. Second, it helps us adjust our effort and make decisions about what to do, how to do it, and when. And third, self-talk allows us to control our emotions, steadying us so we stay on task.

In a recent study of students learning to throw darts(飞镖)in a gym class, Athansios Koloverlonis and his colleagues found that self-talk is most effective when included into a cycle of thought and action. First comes forethought(筹划), when you set a goal for yourself and make a plan for how to get there. That’s followed by performance, when you work out the plan to the best of your ability. Last comes self-reflection, when you carefully evaluate what you’ve done and adjust your plan for the next time.

Self-talk can play a key part in this cycle. During the forethought period, consider carefully what you’ll say to yourself. You can even write out a script. Repeat these self-instructions during the performance period. With practice, you may find that your self-instructions become shorter; research has found that these so-called “cue words” can become powerful signals.

After the action is over, consider how you might change your self-talk to improve your performance next time—so that at the moment it matters,

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【江苏】2014版英语《高考专题辅导》专题检测卷二十八-任务型阅

读] the right words are ringing in your ears. (1) Talking to yourself: not so crazy after all ◇We all talk to ourselves(2) . ◇Monologues of this kind seem to be(3) . Introduction ◇With the help of self-talk, we can learn and perform at our best. ◇Not only self-talk gives us motivation, but also it makes Importance us(4) . of self-talk ◇When we are doing a difficult or(5) task, “instructional self-talk” is especially useful. How self-talk influences ◇Our attention can be(6) . ◇It helps us adjust our effort and decide what to do, how to do it and when. our learning ◇It helps us control our(7) . ◇We set(8) and make plans, which is called The cycle forethought. of thought ◇Then we work out the plan, which is called performance. and action ◇At last, we(9) on ourselves about what we have done. We should consider carefully what to say to(10)

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【江苏】2014版英语《高考专题辅导》专题检测卷二十八-任务型阅

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improve our performance. 2

(2013·苏州模拟)

Tired of your old car and want to move on to a new one? Or maybe you just don’t have any use for the car anymore while still covering the expenses? Why not sell it to someone who wants it and will take good care of it. You’ll get some profit in return, and you won’t have to be burdened with a car that will be more useful to others.

The first step to selling your used car would be to prepare the car for the sale. Make sure that it is still in a useful condition. What use is there for the buyer if the car doesn’t even work? You’ll never get buyers if the car is in such a poor state. So it’s best to make your car presentable and competent. Take good pictures of your car, and make a list of its features that you think would appeal to potential buyers.

The next course to take would be to get the word out that you’re selling your car. You can do it by making an ad in the newspapers, or you can use the Web and advertise through an Internet auction. Make sure that in your ad, you write down the car’s features and condition as honestly as you can. If you’re not sure on how to make an ad, browse through automotive(汽车的)magazines and issues and take a look at how the other sellers do it.

If your car is one of the new models in the automobile industry, you

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