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绝密★启用前

2016年北京市海淀区高三上学期期末考试英语试卷（带解析）

试卷副标题

考试范围：xxx；考试时间：112分钟；命题人：xxx

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

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1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上

第I卷（选择题）

评卷人 得分 一、阅读理解（题型注释）

Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation that threatens the survival of companies everywhere．It’s based on the assumption that old ideas will always work，so they shouldn’t be challenged． While this may be a valid assumption in situations that don’t change，it’s unlikely to hold true in a changing situation．In today’s rapid changing global environment，old methods often don't work，and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems．

Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of security．If everyone else believes it，then it must be true．Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right，and being right is good． They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work．In 1977，Ken Olsen，co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)，stated “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home．” Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry，DEC no longer exists．

People seem to forget that since innovation is a change，there can be no innovation without change．Unfortunately，conventional wisdom prevents leaders，followers and companies from

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changing and therefore innovating．If companies don’t innovate，but their competitors do，the future is likely to be problematic． Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries，so it has a powerful effect on business success．

Ted Turner (founder of CNN) knew little，if anything，about the news business，but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour，as was common before

CNN．Turner’s solution was to create a cable channel dedicated to news 24 hours a day．The ………线…………○………… news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time，and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day．However，it doesn’t take a rocket scientist to understand that viewers don’t have to watch the news all day for the CNN to work．Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information．Due to conventional thinking，the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted． They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future．

Conventional wisdom prevents creativity，flexibility and risk-taking，so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it．To survive，thrive and maintain competitive advantage，companies must be flexible when reacting to change． 1、DEC has disappeared probably because ___________． A．the consumers didn’t like its products B．the leaders lacked the sense of security C．the CEO stuck to the conventional ideas D．the employees took many risks with changes

2、The founding of CNN is used as an example to prove _________． A．missing opportunities could lead to failure B．changing could contribute to business success C．watching news at the dinner hour is convenient D．conventional wisdom influences business success 3、What does the underlined part probably mean? A．Rocket scientists can ensure the CNN works properly． B．Most of the viewers don’t like to watch the news at work． C．It’s necessary to understand when people watch the news． D．It’s easy to know people needn’t watch the news all the time． 4、The passage is mainly written to tell us that ______．

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A．old methods are changing with time B．opportunities lead to business success C．conventional wisdom limits innovation D．successful companies need wise leaders

Does happiness have a scent?

When someone is happy，can you smell it?

You can usually tell when someone is happy based on seeing them smile，hearing them laugh ……○ __○…___…_…___……__…：…号…订考_订_…___……___……___……：级…○班_○…___…_…__…_…___……：名…装姓装_…__…_…___……___……_:校…○学○……………………外内……………………○○……………………or perhaps from receiving a big hug．But can you also smell their happiness? Surprising new research suggests that happiness does indeed have a scent，and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell，reports Phys．org．

For the study，12 young men were shown videos meant to bring about a variety of emotions while researchers gathered sweat samples from them．All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers，and all were asked to abstain from drinking or eating smelly foods during the study period．

Those sweat samples were then given to 36 equally healthy young women to smell，while researchers monitored their reactions．Only women were selected to smell the samples，apparently because previous research has shown that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive to emotional signaling—though it's unclear why only men were chosen to produce the scents．

Researchers found that the behavior of the women after smelling the scents—particularly their facial expressions—indicated a relationship between the emotional states of the men who produced the sweat and the women who sniffed them．

“Human sweat produced when a person is happy brings about a state similar to happiness in somebody who breathes this smell，” said study co-author Gun Semin，a professor at Koc University in Turkey．

This is a fascinating finding because it not only means that happiness does have a scent，but that the scent is capable of transmitting the emotion to others．The study also found that other emotions，such as fear，seem to carry a scent too．This ensures previous research suggesting that some negative emotions have a smell，but it is the first time this has proved to be true of positive feelings．

Researchers have yet to isolate(分离) exactly what the chemical compound for the happiness

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