一.Oracle基本操作语句 启动数据库:SQL>startup 关闭数据库: SQL>shutdown normal SQL>shutdown transactional SQL>shutdown immediate SQL>shutdown abort 查看当前用户的缺省表空间
SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users; 查看当前用户的角色
SQL>select * from user_role_privs; 查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限 SQL>select * from user_sys_privs; SQL>select * from user_tab_privs; 查看用户下所有的表 SQL>select * from user_tables; 建表
SQL>create
table
studen(stuno
int,stuname
varchar(8)
not
null,stubirth
date
to_date('1987-5-9','YYYY-MM-DD'));
向表结构中加入一列 SQL>alter table studen add(stuphoto varchar(9)); 从表结构中删除一列 SQL>alter table studen drop column stuphoto; 修改表一列的长度 SQL>alter table studen modify(stuno number(4)); 隐藏将要删除的一列 SQL>alter table studen set unused column stuphoto; 删除隐藏的列 SQL>alter table studen drop unused columns;
向表中加入约束 SQL>alter table studen add constraint pk primary key(stuno); 删除约束 SQL>alter table studen drop constraint pk; 修改表结构
alter table test modify(name not null); alter table test add(name varchar2(20)); alter table test drop column sex; alter table test set unused column sex; alter table test drop unused columns; 查看名称包含log字符的表
SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objects where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0; 查看某表的创建时间
SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper('&table_name'); 查看某表的大小 SQL>select
sum(bytes)/(1024*1024)
as
\
from
user_segments
segment_name=upper('&table_name'); 查看放在ORACLE的内存区里的表
SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0; 查看索引个数和类别
SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name; 查看索引被索引的字段
SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');
default
where
查看索引的大小 SQL>select
sum(bytes)/(1024*1024)
as
\
from
user_segments
where
segment_name=upper('&index_name'); 查看序列号,last_number是当前值 SQL>select * from user_sequences; 查看视图的名称
SQL>select view_name from user_views; 查看创建视图的select语句
SQL>set view_name,text_length from user_views;
SQL>set long 2000; 说明:可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小 SQL>select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name'); 查看某表的约束条件
SQL>select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name from user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');
SQL>select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc
where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name') and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name order by cc.position; 查看函数和过程的状态
SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION'; SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE'; 查看函数和过程的源代码
SQL>select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name'); 三、查看数据库的SQL 1、查看表空间的名称及大小
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name group by t.tablespace_name;
2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小 select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name; 3、查看回滚段名称及大小
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, max_extents, v.curext CurExtent From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+) order by segment_name ;
4、查看控制文件
select name from v$controlfile; 5、查看日志文件
select member from v$logfile; 6、查看表空间的使用情况
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE, (B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES \FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C WHERE
A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME
A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
7、查看数据库库对象
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status; 8、查看数据库的版本
Select version FROM Product_component_version Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle'; 9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database; 四、ORACLE用户连接的管理
用系统管理员,查看当前数据库有几个用户连接: SQL> select username,sid,serial# from v$session; 如果要停某个连接用
SQL> alter system kill session 'sid,serial#';
常用SQL*Plus语句
a、表的创建、修改、删除 创建表的命令格式如下:
create table 表名 (列说明列表);
为基表增加新列命令如下:
ALTER TABLE 表名 ADD (列说明列表) 例:为test表增加一列Age,用来存放年龄 sql>alter table test add (Age number(3));
修改基表列定义命令如下: ALTER TABLE 表名 MODIFY (列名 数据类型)
例:将test表中的Count列宽度加长为10个字符 sql>alter atble test modify (County char(10));
b、将一张表删除语句的格式如下: DORP TABLE 表名;
AND