For decades, doctors have warned patients that too much salt can be bad for the heart. Heat attack has long been considered a grown - up problem, but a new research suggests that salt is starting to affect children. Eating too much salty food when you ' re young can lead to health problems later.

Salt is made up of two elements: sodium and chlorine. Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged9 - 13 shouldn’t consume more than about a teaspoon of salt daily. The aver- age American eats twice this amount. This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the

body producing more blood. To pump the extra blood, the heart has to work harder. This causes a rise in blood pressure a measurement of how stressed the heart is. High blood pressure often leads to heart disease.

A kid with high blood pressure is more likely to become a grown - up with high blood pres- sure. Reducing salt might also help stop childhood obesity( 肥胖) . British researchers recently

found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy drinks

makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure. Salt can affect more than just your heart and weight. A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones. This painful condition usually affects people aged over 40. Now, kids as young as five are getting it.

Cutting down on salt can be hard, but you can retrain yourself to prefer less salty food. The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually. Start by adding

half as much salt to your dinner as you normally do. Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions. And go easy on the condiments( 调味品). You might also want to start reading nutrition labels. You may be surprised to learn that there are 1,150 mg of sodium in a double cheeseburger, and over 2 ,000 mg in many frozen meals.

12. What is the author' s major concern?

A. Children eat too much salty food. B. Many adults suffer from heart attack. C. Americans consume too much salt. D. Heart attack is now a youth problem. 13. What does the author refer to as the cause of childhood obesity? A. Eating more salty food. B. Lack of physical exercise. C. Drinking many sugary soft drinks. D. Eating the same food as the adults.

14. What is another disease tending to be younger according to Paragraph 4?

A. Obesity. B. Kidney stone. C. Blood disease. D. Heart attack. 15. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?

A. The laws of health. B. How to cut down on salt. C. Healthy diet. D. The amount of salt we need. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。

Maybe you live in places where English is not the main language. When you speak, your speech might be slower than you would like. This is because your mind is still translating things from your first language into English，which can also sound unnatural._ 16_ It is not very difficult, but it does take conscious effort and practice.

Think in single words

Charles Thomas has taught English to Union members, children and teenagers for over 10 years. He tells his students to name the things that they see around them, wherever they are.

17

Think in sentences

For example, if you are sitting in a park, you can tell yourself things like, “It' s such a beautiful day\“People are playing sports with their friends.\ 18 Think in conversation

This is a great way to practice what you might say in a real conversation. For example, let' s say the imaginary person asks you a question like, “What did you think of the talk show last night?\ Imagine the conversation and practice it in your head. You can do this out loud or in silence.

_ 20 “When you' re doing it every day, over and over again, little by little, that' s the key. Because when you make things a habit, it just pops up into your mind without thinking and then, before you know it, really, you' re thinking in English, ” Thomas says.

A. Practice it daily. B. How would you answer?

C. Speak English with a native speaker. D. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. E. Start with nouns and then add in verbs, he suggests.

F. Once this becomes easy , move on to more difficult sentences.

G. The good news is that thinking in English will bring you closer to fluency! 第二部分语言运用(共两节;满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Jarrell Little W8s road testing his mountain bike outside of Columbus , Georgia, when his riding partner, Chris Dixon, stopped suddenly. Something in the distance_ 21 among the trees caught her attention. It_ 22 to be a sandy - colored five - month - old Great Dane mix. He was skinny, and had a lot of road rash and a__ 23 leg. The cyclists fed the friendly pup and_ 24 their water. They were more than seven miles from__ 25 and riding bikes. “We couldn't_ 26_ him,\ picked up his new friend and slipped the dog's hind legs into the back pockets of his cycling jersey. Then he put the dog' s 28 paws over his shoulders. :

The 30 - minute ride into town\ 29 at a bike store, where they got more water and 30 for the dog. That was when Andrea Shaw, a woman from Maine in town on business, 31 by. The dog made a beeline for her, licking her. Shaw was_ 32 and, after learning what had happened, declared her_ 33 : 'I am keeping this dog.

Shaw called him Columbo 34 the town where they' d met and scheduled an operation on his leg. Today ，Columbo is living the high 35 on a farm with a horse, a pony, a six - year-

old boy, and two coon dogs to keep him company.

21. A. calling B. moving C. standing D. sleeping 22. A. turned out B. looked C. found out . D. figured 23. A. dirty B. broken C. burnt D. beaten 24. A. shared B. drank C. poured D. finished 25. A. school B. home C. village D. downtown 26. A. take B. carry C. leave D. keep 27. A. quickly B. carefully C. natural D. finally

28. A. front B. other C. hurt D. injured 29，A. turned B. reached C. arrived D. ended 30. A. medicine B. care C. food D. rest 31. A. happened B. made C. stopped D. moved 32. A. excited B. touched C. shocked D. annoyed 33. A. luck B. wish C. intention D. mind 34. A. at B. in C. from ; D. after 35. A. friendship B. way C. life D. chance 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese,_ 36 ( be) a pair of small equal- length sticks，usually made of wood,_ 37 ( use) for eating Asian food It is believed the first chopsticks_ 38 ( develop) over 5 ,000 years ago in China. The 39 (early) evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze was excavated( 出土) from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang, Henan province， dating back to roughly 1 ,200 BC.

Chopsticks play, 40 important role in Chinese food culture. Chinese chopsticks are usually 9 to 10 inches long and rectangular with a blunt(钝的) end. They are round on the eating end_ 41 symbolizes heaven，and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because 42 ( maintain) an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth There is an old Chinese custom making chopsticks part of a girl's dowry, since the 43 (pronounce) of kuaizi is similar to the words for “quick\

Chopsticks are 44 ( frequent) used in daily life. They have become more than a kind of tableware and have established a set of etiquette(礼仪) and customs 45 their own. 第三部分写作(共两节;满分40分) 第一节(满分15分)

假定你是李华。新年期间,你的英国朋友John 将来中国旅游。请给他写信，邀请他到; 你家乡参观.内容如下: 1,发出邀请;

2.活动安排(参观村庄、品尝美..... 3.注意事项。