生物工程课程设计

地沟油加氢催化裂解法生产生物柴油工厂

设计

学院化学与生物工程 班级生物工程1201班 姓名 朱 刚 刚 学号 201207730 辅导教师 蔡 亚 东

摘要：

生物柴油作为可再生能源的一种，生产发展前景十分广阔，有着无可替代的优势。经过详细的可行性分析,综合考虑原料供应、生产规模、厂址技术方案、资金总额及筹措、项目的财务效益与国民经济、社会效益等重大问题，以地沟油为原料生产生物柴油，实现原料-废料-原料的最大限度循环利用，如此就能节省大量的原料资源，又可以减轻废弃物对环境的污染。特别是，在交通工具发达的现在，单单紧靠不可再生的石油来维持是远远不够的，所以急切需要生物质能源来制造生物柴油、汽油等。此次设计主要完成设计方案的设计工艺流程的选择、物料和热量衡算、生产车间各设备的工艺计算、各设备和换热器的主要尺寸的计算、辅助设备的设计，绘制工艺流程图，固定床反应器，高、低压分离器，精馏塔等主要设备的设计。研究生物柴油生产的开车、停车、生产等操作。目前兰州市一天的泔水产量在2500吨左右，全年的泔水产量约80～90万吨，这些泔水可产8万吨地沟油。本项目拟定年生产能力10万吨，需废油脂11.2万吨，产率约90%。按年开工320天计，每天工作24小时。故日处理约350吨废油脂，每日经过处理后的产量约315吨。目前，废弃油脂收购价已涨至4200~4600／ 吨左右。地沟油从当地收集到生物柴油厂之间储运费用约为360~560元／吨，估计到厂价在4560~4760元／ 吨。预估年收入在2000万元—3600万元。工艺流程如下：原料收购→泔水预处理→泔水沉淀去杂→地沟油产出→地沟油过滤除杂→地沟油多管换热→真空脱水脱溴→氢气催化分离→精馏柴油产出。此外此设计还包括物料和热量衡算、生产车间各设备的工艺计算、各设备和换热器的主要尺寸的计算、辅助设备的设计，绘制工艺流程图，固定床反应器，高、低压分离器，精馏塔等主要设备的设计。研究生物柴油生产的开车、停车、生产等操作。下面具体进行介绍。

Summary:

Biodiesel as a renewable energy production prospects are bright, has irreplaceable advantages. After a detailed feasibility analysis, considering the supply of raw materials, production scale, site technical programs, total capital and financing, a major problem with the economy the financial benefits, social

2

benefits and other items to the waste oil as raw material for biodiesel production, to achieve raw material - scrap - to maximize the recycling of raw materials, so you can save a lot of raw material resources, but also can reduce waste pollution to the environment. In particular, transport developed now, just close to the non-renewable oil is not enough to maintain, so an urgent need to produce biomass for biodiesel and gasoline. The design of the main program is designed to complete the design process of selection, materials and heat balance, process equipment production workshop each calculation, design calculation of the main dimensions of the various equipment and heat exchangers, auxiliary equipment, drawing flow chart, fixed bed reactor design, high and low pressure separators, distillation and other major equipment. Research biodiesel production car, parking, production and other operations. Currently Lanzhou day swill yield about 2,500 tons, the annual production of swill about 80 to 90 million tons, which can produce 80,000 tons of swill cooking oil. The project to develop an annual production capacity of 100,000 tons, 112,000 tons of waste oil demand, yield about 90%. Total annual operating 320 days, working 24 hours a day. Therefore, the daily processing about 350 tons of waste oil, after processing about 315 tons per day of production. Currently, waste oil purchase price has risen to about 4200 ~ 4600 / ton. Waste oil collected from local storage and transportation costs between biodiesel plant is about 360 to 560 yuan / ton, the estimated priced at 4560 ~ 4760 yuan / ton. Estimated annual income of 20 million yuan -3600 million. Process is as follows: acquisition of raw materials →Pretreatment swill→Swill precipitation to miscellaneous→Waste oil output →Purify waste oil filter→Multi-tube heat exchangers waste oil→Vacuum dehydration debromination→Catalytic Hydrogen Separation→Distillation diesel outputpurify waste oil waste oil filter multi-tube heat exchanger → separation of hydrogen catalytic distillation diesel output. In addition this design also includes materials and heat balance, the design process is calculated for each workshop equipment, computing equipment and the main dimensions of the various heat

3

exchangers, auxiliary equipment, drawing flow chart, a fixed bed reactor, high and low pressure separator Designer, distillation and other major equipment. Research biodiesel production car, parking, production and other operations. Are described in detail below.

4

前言 ..................................................................................................................... 6 一、设计项目： ................................................................................................... 6 1.原料规格： ............................................................................................................ 7 2、产品组成： .......................................................................................................... 7 3、厂址选择 .............................................................................................................. 7 4、产品的用途和市场前景研究分析 ...................................................................... 7 5、主要技术经济指标分析 ...................................................................................... 8 二、工艺方案及设备选择 .................................................................................... 9 1、 工艺流程图： .................................................................................................... 9 2、原料预处理 .......................................................................................................... 9 3、催化剂选择 ........................................................................................................ 10 4、反应阶段 ............................................................................................................ 10 三、工艺流程设计及化工计算 ........................................................................... 12 1、带控制点工艺流程图 ........................................................................................ 12 2、物料计算 ............................................................................................................ 12 3. 热量计算 ............................................................................................................. 14 四、设备选型及典型设备设计 ........................................................................... 16 1、设计题目： ........................................................................................................ 16 2、已知条件： ........................................................................................................ 17 3、设计要求 ............................................................................................................ 17 4、化工生产对塔设备的要求 ................................................................................ 17 5、设计方案选定 .................................................................................................... 17 6、精馏塔工艺计算 ................................................................................................ 18 7.1理论板层数N的求取 ....................................................................................... 18 8、精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸设计 ............................................................................ 20 9、精馏塔辅助设备设计 ........................................................................................ 21 五、车间设备布置设计 ....................................................................................... 22 1 设计依据 .............................................................................................................. 22 2考虑设备布置合理性 ........................................................................................... 23 3、设备布置图内容 ................................................................................................ 23 参考文献 ............................................................................................................. 24

5