2017-2018新人教版初中英语九年级英语全册单元知识点整理归纳总结

(3)在so…that句型中,当主句和从句的主语一致,但主句是肯定式,从句是否定式时,可简化成enough to do sth. 或too…to do sth.结构。与enough to do sth.转换时,形容词或副词应变为与之相反的词,前面的动词为否定式。 如:He is so young that he can?t go to school. =He is too young to go to school. =He is not old enough to go to school. 他还没到上学的年龄。

如果主从句的主语不一致,须在to do sth.前加for sb 作为不定式的逻辑主语。

The problem is so difficult that we can?t work it out. =The problem is too difficult for us to work out. =The problem isn?t easy enough for us to work out. 这道题太难了,我们解答不出来。 【语法归纳】

过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 两者主要区别是时间的参照点不同:

过去完成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的”时间;现在完成时的时间参照点是“现在”。因此现在完成时中的很多规则,也适用于过去完成时。 例句:

When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.

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当我到达电影院时,电影已演了五分钟了。(got是一个过去的“时间点”,电影“开始”在我“到达”之前,是“过去的过去”。因为for five minutes为延续一段的时间状语,应用可延续的系表结构be on的过去完成时形式。)

注:过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它,因此当原句中若找不到一个“过去的时间”作为参照点时,是不能用过去完成时的。 例句:

He got to the railway station and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket.他到了火车站后忽然意识到他竟忘记带车票了。(“忘记”这一动作在“意识到”这一动作之前。)

九年级英语Unit13《We're trying to save the earth!》知识点

【短语归纳】

1. at the bottom of the river 在河床底部 2. be full of the rubbish 充满了垃圾 3. throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔入河中

4. play a part in cleaning it up 尽一份力把它清理干净 5. land pollution 土地污染

6. fill the air with black smoke 使空气中充满了黑烟 7. cut down air pollution 减少空气污染

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8. make a difference 产生影响 17. take action 采取行动 18. turn off 关掉 19. pay for 付费 20. add up 累加

21. use public transportation 使用公共交通 22. recycle books and paper 回收书和废纸 23. use paper napkins 使用纸巾 24. turn off the shower 关掉喷头 25. ride in cars 开车出行

【重点句子】

1. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish. 即使河底都充满垃圾。

2. Everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up. 城里的每个人都应当尽一份力把它清理干净。

3. The air is badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days.

空气被严重污染因为如今路上的汽车太多了。

4. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.

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为了减少空气污染,我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。 5. I used to be able to see stars in the sky. 我过去能在天空中看到星星。

6. The air has become really polluted around here. I?m getting very worried.

这儿的空气真的已经被污染了,我非常担心。

7. No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.

没有科学研究说明鱼鳍对人们的健康有好处。 【单元知识点】

1. cost vt.1. 花费;价格为;值

例句: It must cost a good deal to live here. 住在这里一定要花很多钱的

拓展:take, spend ,cost ,pay的用法都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。

1) spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:

(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。

(2) spend time /money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。

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(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。

2) cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:

(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。

(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。

注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。

3) take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种: (1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。

(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。

4) pay的基本用法是:

(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月

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