本科毕业论文
数字测图方法与精度分析
ON THE CITY FESTIVAL’S MARKETING STRATEGY
学院(部): 测绘学院 专业班级: 测绘10-2班 学生姓名: 杨凡 指导教师: 张国卿
年 月 日
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摘 要
人类正迈向信息社会,随着科学技术的发展,计算机、GPS定位仪、全站型电子速测仪及数字测图软件的应用,大比例尺地形图的测绘技术有了飞速发展,数字测图广泛用于测绘生产、水利水电工程、土地管理、城市规划、环境保护工程等部门。作为测图技术现代化水平的标志之一,数字测图技术以其高精度、高效益逐渐代替传统测量模式。现在,随着实时动态定位(RTK)技术的推广和应用,数字化技术将进入全新境界。 本文就传统测图方法与数字化测图方法的优缺点进行了对比说明,就目前数字测图中常用的几种方法与GPS RTK技术进行了研究,就其原理和操作进行了说明,在说明的过程中列举了有关的数据,以加深理解。数字测图是一项过程复杂而繁琐的工作,要得到高质量的数字地图,必须对起其测图过程的各个环节进行质量检查和精度控制,所以我们在熟练掌握数字测图方法的同时还要懂得精度分析,本文列举了各种方法实施过程中常遇到的问题以及解决方案。
关键词:全站仪、GPS RTK、精度分析
ABSTRACT
Human beings are towards the information society, with the development of science and technology, computer, GPS tracking entirestation type, electronic speed measuring devices and digital mapping software applications, large scale topographic map surveying technique has the rapid development, digital surveying
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and mapping production is widely used in water conservancy and hydropower projects, the land management, urban planning, environmental protection engineering department. As the symbol of modernization level technology of digital mapping technique, with its high precision, high efficiency gradually replaced traditional measurement model. Now, with real-time dynamic positioning (RTK) technology, digital technology and application will enter a brand-new realm.
Based on traditional mapping method and digital mapping method compares the advantages and disadvantages of current digital surveying, several methods and GPS RTK technology was studied, and the principle and operating, in the process of data, to deepen our understanding. Digital mapping is a complicated process and work, want to get high quality digital map, the mapping of up to each link of the process of quality inspection and control precision, so we in digital mapping method of mastering the also know precision analysis, this paper lists various methods implement process middling problems and solutions.
KEY WORDS: electronic tachometer, GPS RTK, precision analysis
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目 录
1 绪 论 .................................................................... 5
1.1 数字测图发展概述 ................................................... 1
1.1.1数字测图使大比例尺测图走向自动化 .............................. 1 1.1.2数字测图使大比例尺测图走向数字化 .............................. 1 1.1.3数字测图使大比例尺测图实现了高精度 ............................ 1 1.1.4数字测图使大比例尺测图进入了新时期 ............................ 2 1.2现代数字测图的基本原理与常用方法 .................................... 2
1.2.1数字测图的基本原理 ............................................ 2 1.2.2数字测图的常见模式及特点 ...................................... 3 1.3 传统测图方法与数字化测图方法的优缺点 ............................... 3
1.3.1传统测图方法 .................................................. 4 1.3.2数字化测图方法 ................................................ 5 1.4 数字测图的发展与展望 ............................................... 7
1.4.1 航测数字测图 .................................................. 7 1.4.2 工测数字测图 .................................................. 9
2 数字测图 ................................................................ 13 2.1 基于全站仪测记法的数字测图方法 .................................... 13
2.1.1 测记法数字测图对图根点位及高程精度的要求 ..................... 13 2.1.2 大比例尺数字测图对图根点点位及高程精度的要求 ................. 13 2.1.3 测记法数字测图的实施 ......................................... 13 2.1.3编辑成图 ..................................................... 16 2.2 数字测图简易编码的数据采集方法 .................................... 17
2.2.1简易编码测图 ................................................. 17 2.2.2具体数据示例 ................................................. 18 2.3 数字测图中常遇到的问题和解决方法 .................................. 21
2.3.1 数字测图中的测站改正 ......................................... 21 2.3.2 图形坐标还原、方位旋转及换带处理 ............................. 23 2.3.3 GPS点、导线点、图根点展点在分幅图上 ......................... 23
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2.4全站仪在数字测图中的误差来源分析 ................................... 24
2.4.1全站仪测图误差分析 ........................................... 24 2.4.2全站仪三角高程测量误差分析 ................................... 25 2.5 利用CASS 5. 1成图的过程 .......................................... 26
2.5.1关于CASS 5. 1 ................................................ 26 2.5.2数据连接 ..................................................... 26 2.5.3内业成图 ..................................................... 27
3 GPS定位原理、误差源分析与RTK 技术..................................... 30 3.1 GPS定位原理与GPS定位的主要误差 ................................... 30
3.1.1GPS定位原理 .................................................. 30 3.1.2 GPS定位的主要误差 ........................................... 32 3.2 GPS RTK 技术 ...................................................... 35
3.2.1概述 ......................................................... 35 3.2.2 实时动态测量基本原理 ......................................... 35 3.2.3 数字测图外业工作的实施 ....................................... 37
4 总 结 ................................................................... 42 致 谢 .................................................................... 43 参考文献 .................................................................. 44
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