中考词汇辨析
§1 a bit/ a little
这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换，但有时不能。 Ⅰ．二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时，意义相同，为“一点儿” “有些”。如：
① I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿。
② He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。 Ⅱ．二者都可以作名词词组，充当主语或宾语。如： ① A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。
② I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。 Ⅲ。a little可直接修饰名词；a bit后须加of才可以。如：
①. There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle. [注意] a little of 后的名词通常特指，表“……中的一些”，如： ①May I have a little of your tea?
Ⅳ. 否定形式 not a little 作状语，相当于very/ quite, “很”， “非常”；作定语和宾语时，相当于much, 意为 “许多”。而not a bit 作状语时，相当于not at all, 意为“一点也不”，作宾语时则相当于not much. Eg:
① He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。
② He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。 ③ She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。
Ⅴ. Not a bit 中的not 可以分开使用；not a little中的not 则不能分开。Eg: ① He felt not a bit tired. = He didn’t feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。
② He felt not a little tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说：He didn’t fell a little tired.
§2 a few/ few/ a little/ little
Ⅰ. a few和few修饰可数名词，a little和little修饰不可数名词；a few和a little表示肯定意义，few和little表示否定意义，可受only修饰。如：
① Few people will agree to the plan because it’s too dangerous.
②This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it. ③ There is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some ④ Don’t worry, we have a little time left.
§3 above/over/on/upon
Ⅰ. 方位介词，“在……之上”
Ⅱ. above 着重指：在……上方，不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为：below. ① The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。 ② The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。
Ⅲ.over 表盖在……上面，或铺在……上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为under.
① Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。 Ⅳ. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。 ① The book is on the desk.
② There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。
Ⅴ.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on没有多大的区别，但较正式，口语中较少用。 ① He laid his hand upon the boy’s head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。
[注] up 与以上几个不同，它表示向上方或高处，含有由下而上，由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时，表示在上方或高处。 ① We run up a hill. 我们跑上山。
② The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。
§4 accept/receive
Ⅰ. accept “接受”，表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。 ① I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。
② We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。
Ⅱ. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如： ① I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。
② He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了礼物，但没有接受下来。 ③ He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。
[注] 在表示接待、接见时，通常用 receive, 而不用 accept. 如：We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。
§5 across/through/ over
Ⅰ. across “横过、穿过”，指从……的一边到另一边。含义与on有关。如： ① I swam across the river. 我游过这条河（指从此岸到彼岸）
② Let’s help push the cart across the bridge. 我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。
Ⅱ. through “穿过、通过”指穿过两边。是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头。是从内部穿过，含义与in有关。如：
① We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林。
② The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城市。
Ⅲ. over“横过、跨越”指横过道路、河流等“细长物”时，与across通用。Over 虽可指从表面的接触及跳（飞）越，但指渡过则不能用。从房间、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用。而常用across. ① She went across / over the bridge.
② He jumped across / over the stream他跳过了小溪。
③ She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡。 ④ They drove across the desert. 他们驶过沙漠。
另外，over作介词还有“翻过……”的意思，如：climb the mountain 翻过那座山。
§6 afraid/ fear
Ⅰ. afraid “害怕”是形容词，只能作表语，而不能作定语，后接of 短语或不定式，构成 be afraid of sb. 和 be afraid to do sth ① She is afraid of a snake. 她害怕蛇。 ② The little girl is afraid to go out at night. afraid +that clause “恐怕”， 是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式。 如：
① I’m afraid (that) I can’t go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去参加聚会了。我
弟弟病了。
Ⅱ. fear “害怕”是动词，与be afraid 往往通用，但不如它常用（特别是在口语中）。如： ① We fear no difficulty.我们不怕困难。
② Ｈe feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法。
③ Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.因为怕他会受凉，我走去看他。
§7feel like / would like
Ⅰ.feel like 与would like 意思很相近，但feel like 后面常跟名词；动名词。构成：feel like (doing) sth. 而 would like 一般接名词；动词不定式。构成：would like (to do) sth.的句式。如：
① I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。
② Do you feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步？ ③ I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。 Ⅱ.feel like 还表示：“觉得好像，摸起来像”。如： ① It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。
§8. after/behind “在……之后”
Ⅰ. after “在……（时间）之后”；
“在……（地点）之后”，指次序。如：
① He came after ten o’clock. 他十点以后来的。
② Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天以后，我拜访了他。
③ ‘Against’ comes after ‘again’ in this cictionary.在这本字典中 ‘against’ 排在 ‘again’ 之
后。
Ⅱ. behind 表地点时意为：在……后面、着重指位置的前后。偶尔也指时间，表按照一定的时刻而迟了的意思。
① The garden is behind the house. ② He stood behind me.
③ The train was behind time. 火车误点了。 ④ You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时。
§9. ago/before
Ⅰ. ago adv. “……以前”指从此刻起，若干时间以前，通常与过去连用。如： ① It happened two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前。 ② I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他。
Ⅱ. before adv, prep & conj “……以前”指从那时起若干时间以前。通常与完成时、过去时等连用。还可用作前置词或连接词表时间，而ago 则不能这样用。 ① He said that he had seen her two days before.他说他两天前见到过她。（表从她说话那时起
两天前）
② I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天气很好。 ③ I’ve seen that film before. ④ I never met him before.
§10. agree to/ agree with/ agree on(up on)
Ⅰ. agree to “同意、应允”通常用于同意某件事情（我们可以同意我们自己有不同看法而并不赞同的事情）。如： ① Do you agree to this plan?
② He agreed to my proposal.他同意了我的提议。 ③ I agreed to his terms. 我同意了他的条件。
Ⅱ. agree with “同意、赞同”常常表示同某人意见一致，也可表赞同某件事情。还有“（气候、食物等）适合”之意。如：
① I quite agree with you.我很同意你。 ② Do you agree with me ?
③ I agree with all you say.我同意你所说的。
④ His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。 ⑤ Too much meat doesn’t agree with her. 吃太多肉对她身体不合适。 [注]：agree with 不能用于被动语态。
Ⅲ. agree on /upon “对……取得一致意见”指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议。如：
① After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论，双方就停火问题达成了协
议。
② They all agree on the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致。 [注]：此句型可转换成agree in doing sth.如：
① All of them agreed on / upon it. = All of them agreed in doing it. 他们对做这个问题达成了共识。
§11 at times / at all times / all the time
Ⅰ. at times “不时；偶尔”如：
① The tide is , at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得高。
② I make mistakes at times when I speak English. 我说英语偶尔会出错。 Ⅱ. at all times.“随时；任何时候；总是” 如：
He has a cool head at all times. 他随时都有清醒的头脑。
Ⅲ. all the time “一直；始终” 其中time用单数形式。如： The baby cries all the time. 那婴儿一直哭。