音素分类 元音 声带振动 单前元音 音口中元音 形不后元音 变 双合口 元双元音 音合口 口双元音 形集中 变 双元音 爆破音 摩擦音 破擦音 清 浊 清 浊 清 音标书写 音位音长 扁唇形，舌尖抵下齿，依次张大 圆唇，舌悬空中高，依次张大 扁圆唇，舌后缩底高，依次张大 前长后短，前重后轻，首音长三分之二，次音三分之一，从首音滑向次音，一到即止。 [ i: ][ ? ][ e ][ ? ] [ ?: ] [ ? ? [u:][?][?:][?][ɑ:] [e?] [??] [a?] [??] [a?] [??] [??] [e?] [ p ] [ t ] [ k ] [ b ] [ d ] [ g ] [ s ][θ ? ] 辅音 声带振动或无振动 腔阻成音 1.双唇闭，气冲成音 2.舌尖抵上齿龈，弹舌成音 3.舌后部抵软鄂，咳气成音 1. s z双唇微张，舌尖平近上齿，气流缓出舌齿间， 2. ???双唇微张，舌尖平抵上齿龈冲舌成音 3.????圆唇微突出，舌尖微上卷近上齿龈，送气成音 4.????上齿轻咬下唇，气出唇齿，摩擦成音. 口舌摆好首音音位，尽力发出次音，即可成音 [ z ][ e ][ z ][ ? ] ? 浊 半元音 [ dr ][ d? ][ dz ] [ w ] [ j ] [ l ] [ h ] [ r ] [m] [n] [? 1. W稍圆突唇舌后抬起，嘴唇滑向两边，振动 2. j扁唇微笑，舌尖抵下齿，舌面贴上鄂，振动， 3. 两音长很短，一出即滑至后音 1.l舌抵上齿龈，稍弯，气出舌两边成音，振动 2.h 嘴唇自然张开，呵气成音，声带不振动 3.r舌关上卷悬中，圆唇稍突，冲舌成音,振动 ???双唇紧闭，舌尖平悬，气出鼻腔振动 ???双唇微开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气出鼻腔，振动 ??双唇张开，舌尖抵下齿龈，舌后自然升顶，气出鼻腔， 似摩音 鼻音 语流音变 浊化 失爆 连读 两清辅音相连，后清变浊， [sp] →[sb] [st] →[sd] [ sk] →[sg] [ str] →[sdr] speak spy study star sky school screen street 两爆相连，爆擦相连，前音失爆 前词辅音尾，后词元音头，Blackboard bookcase bedside cardboard footbridge Come back tomorrow. I don’t think so. Not at all. There is, on it, in an office ,in English, 连读成一词 Get out, all over, first of all, 英语国际音标新旧对照表 Vowels 元音20个 新 旧 新 旧 i： i: ? ? 无 变 化 Consonants 辅音28个 ? e ? ?: i e ? ?: a: e? a? ?? ɑ: ei ai ?i p b t d k ? e m n ? ? ? t? d? ? ? u: ? ? ? u: u ?? a? ?? e? ?u au i? ε? g f v s l r h w tr dr ts ?: ?: ?? u? z j dz 英语国际音标四线三格书写规范 长元音 短元音 双元音 轻辅音 浊辅音 轻辅音 浊辅音 鼻音 半元音 舌侧音 [ i:] [ u:] [ ?:] [ ?:] [ ɑ:] [ ? [ ? [ ? [ ? ] [ e ] /e?/ /??/ ? ] [ ? ] /a?/ /??/ /??/ /e?/ /??/ /a?/ /p / / t / /dr/ / r/ / k / / f/ / ? / / s / /θ/ /b / /d/ / g / / v / / ? / / z / / e / / tr/ / h/ /m/ /w/ / ts/ / t?/ / dz/ /d?/ / n / / ? / / j / / ? / 含糊音 / ? / 英语国际音标音源练习
一.单元音：vowels（12个）
1.[ i:] A: Tea or coffee? ruler
B: Tea for Lee and coffee for me, please. ar: sugar e: me be she he we evening see or:doctor ee: sweet bee sweep sheep sleep three green a:panda about above camera sofa China ea: meat read leaf sea pea teach eat clean e: open ie, ei, eo: piece, ceiling, people ure: picture
2.[ ??][ i ] His little sister is sitting in the middle. 7. [ ??] Come to the front on the double. i: is English pig fish in fifteen six ship thin o: son come colour love money e: begin behind jacket basketball u: sun nut jump gum us bus brush y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny supper duck
lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy ou: touch cousin country rainy 8.[ u:] How do you do? You look really cool. ey: monkey money o: do who whose ay: Sunday Saturday Friday oo: food moon too soon 比较：1.it--eat 2. live—leave 3. fill—feel ui: fruit juice
4. seat—sit 5. tree—trip 6.bit—bee u: ruler rude 7. sheep—ship 8. deed—did 9. live—leave ou:soup 10. feed—fit 11. pea—pit 12. rid—read oe:shoe 13. street—strict 14. sleep—slip 9.[ ? ][u] Look at the cookbook. It’s really good. 3.[ e ] Good, better, best. Never let it rest. o:woman wolf Till good is better. And better best. oo:look good book foot wood classroom e: egg bell desk leg red pet then ten pen u:bull bullet ea: bread head breakfast 10.[ ?:] My daughter who’s forty-four is a lawyer. ai: again a: water 4.[ ? ] Cat, cat! Catch that black rat! aw:draw strawberry a: dad hat cap bag cat can bad apple bag flag al:ball wall call
hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map or:horse morning corn fork or short Compare: oor:floor door
1. bet--bat 2. pat—pet 3. bag—beg au: autumn 4. sat—set 5. neck--lack 6. sad—said ar: warm 7.bad—bed 8.dad—dead 9.lad—led 11. [ ? ][ ??] The little pot is so hot. 10. fad—fed o: fox coffee dog shop dog 5. [?:][?:] The early bird catches the worm doctor long sorry first. a: watch what er: her serve term 12.[ a:] It’s far to the farm from the park. ir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt a: grass glass class plant dance ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain fast father last half ear:early learn ar: car star arm park March hard garden or: word work world dark scarf 6. [ ? ] The farmer’s sister is a doctor. au: laugh aunt ear: heart er:teacher clever brother dinner father sister