考点规范练21(Module 3)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In the early 1970s,David McNeill,a psychology professor at the University of Chicago,was giving a talk in a Paris lecture hall when something queer caught his eye.There was a woman in the back of the room moving her arms in a way that seemed to convey exactly what he was saying.It took him a moment to realize that she was
speaking,too,and another to realize that she was an interpreter,translating his words into French.For McNeill,that moment of confusion made him realize that gesture and speech are not as separate as they seem.
Gesture researchers have spent the past 40 years uncovering how movements are tied to speech.Regardless of their spoken language or culture,humans gesture when they talk.They gesture even if they have never seen gestures before—people who have been blind since birth do it—and they gesture even if they’re talking to someone on the phone and know no one can see them.When speech is interrupted,so is gesture.In fact,gesture is so tightly bound to language that differences between languages show up as differences in gesture.In other words,the way you package your thoughts into speech is also how you package them into movement.
Researchers are especially interested in the times when gestures don’t match speech.The mismatch can be a valuable window to what’s going on in the mind.For
example,until about 7 years of age,children don’t understand that if you pour a tall glass of water into a shorter,wider glass,the amount of water stays the same.They think the shorter glass contains less water.When asked to explain their
reasoning,some children will say,“This one is shorter,”while gesturing that the glass is wider.That discrepancy(矛盾) shows they subconsciously grasp that both dimensions are important.
When we speak,we put our thoughts into words,and when we gesture,we put our thoughts into our hands.But gestures don’t just show what we’re thinking—they
actually help us think.Toddlers(初学走路的孩子) who are encouraged to gesture tend to start producing more words.Adults involved in various problem-solving tasks do better when they are encouraged to gesture.Putting ideas into motions brings us closer to grasping what we need to grasp.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章解释了人们说话时为什么会做手势。
1.Which can best replace the underlined word “queer” in Paragraph 1? A.Strange. B.Terrible. C.Boring. D.Funny. 答案:A
解析:词义猜测题。由下文那位女士做手势、讲话、翻译的情节及段末的“that moment of confusion”可推断,那位女士的表现很奇怪。 2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A.Newborn babies don’t gesture.
B.Gesture and language are closely related. C.Babies learn to gesture from their parents. D.People gesture when they talk face to face. 答案:B
解析:段落大意题。由第二段中的“how movements are tied to speech”及“gesture is so tightly bound to language that”以及所举例子可推断,本段主要是说手势和语言是紧密联系的。
3.Through kids’ gestures in the example of glasses,researchers know . A.kids often ignore glasses’ shapes B.kids under 7 are not good at gesturing
C.kids prefer taller glasses to shorter ones
D.kids can realize the importance of glasses’ width 答案:D
解析:细节理解题。由第三段末的“while gesturing that the glass is wider...both
dimensions are important”可知,通过孩子们的手势可以知道他们能够意识到玻璃容器宽度的重要性。
4.Gesturing makes people . A.more persuasive
B.get distracted more easily C.feel discouraged while talking D.think and express more effectively 答案:D
解析:推理判断题。由最后一段可知,被鼓励做手势的孩子表达能力会比较强;成年人做手势可以帮助思考进而解决问题。据此可推断,做手势帮助人们更有效地思考和表达。 Ⅱ.完形填空
(2015石家庄一模)
Communication is an important part of any relationship.Many of us are 1 to share our experiences or emotions with our friends.But when it’s our turn to lend a(n) 2 ,we soon become bored or are short of ideas on how to 3 and offer advice.
That’s because of what researchers call “listener burnout(精疲力竭)”.A friend might talk to us 4 ,often complaining about the same 5 problems.When we offer quick advice to 6 the situation,we may be unconsciously trying to 7 ourselves from burnout.However,good listeners 8 their natural tendency to solve the other’s problems hurriedly and to keep the conversation brief.
To be a good 9 ,you need to use“active listening”.It starts with the real 10 to help others and think through their feelings.Don’t 11 things.You can start by putting your phone 12 and sitting close to your friend.Let your facial expressions 13 what he or she is saying. 14 you are able to fully
understand,acknowledge the other person’s 15 by reflecting them back:“That must be really hard for you.”Use 16 words or even sounds such
as“yes”“right”,and“hmm”to 17 the other person to continue.
Of course,a 18 can be extremely hard if the other person is too critical.But don’t get defensive.Effective listeners don’t 19 negative
criticism.Instead,they listen and understand what the person is trying to convey 20 responding.
【语篇导读】交流在人际关系中起着重要的作用,许多人都愿意和朋友分享自己的经历或情感,但是如何做一个善听者呢?文章对这个问题进行了说明。 1.A.afraid B.hesitant C.shy D.eager 答案:D
解析:我们许多人都渴望和朋友分享自己的经历或感情。be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。 2.A.shoulder B.hand C.ear D.eye 答案:C
解析:lend an ear为固定短语,意思为“倾听”。 3.A.respond B.explain C.argue D.quit 答案:A
解析:根据“and offer advice”可知,我们对如何作出反应(respond)和提供建议没有了主意。 4.A.aimlessly B.endlessly
C.deliberately D.cautiously 答案:B
解析:由下文的“经常抱怨同样老生常谈的问题”可知,这里应该是无休止地(endlessly)对我们谈这些。
5.A.difficult B.old C.acute D.sensitive 答案:B
解析:参见上题解析。 6.A.fix B.discuss C.create D.describe 答案:A
解析:由“offer quick advice”可知,应选fix,表示“解决”。 7.A.forgive B.protect C.discourage D.prevent 答案:B
解析:protect sb./sth.from sth.表示“保护某人/某事免于某事”,符合语境。 8.A.follow B.display C.form D.overcome 答案:D
解析:然而,好的倾听者会克服(overcome)他们的自然倾向来迅速解决他人的问题。 9.A.reader B.partner C.listener D.speaker 答案:C
解析:由下文的“active listening”可知,做一个好的倾听者(listener)需要积极地倾听他人诉说。
10.A.demand B.habit C.desire D.ability 答案:C
解析:开始时要真有帮助别人的渴望(desire),并认真考虑他们的感情。 11.A.skip B.rush C.overlook D.postpone 答案:B
解析:rush things表示“仓促做事”,符合语境。 12.A.away B.off C.out D.up 答案:A
解析:这里表示把你的手机收起来(putting your phone away),紧紧地坐在你朋友身边。 13.A.record B.restrict C.reflect D.replace 答案:C
解析:由15空后的“by reflecting them back”可知,这里表示让你的面部表情对你朋友所说的话有所反应。 14.A.Whether B.Since C.While D.If 答案:A
解析:作为一个倾听者不管(whether)你是否能够完全理解对方,你都要对对方的感情(feelings)作出回应。
15.A.suggestions B.purposes C.responses D.feelings 答案:D
解析:参见上题解析。