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一、时态和语态 1.如何解答时态问题
例1：Pou’vealreadPmissedtoomanPclassesthisterm.Pou______justlastweek. A.missed B.wouldmiss C.hadmissed D.havemissed 例2：AnneaskedTom______thekeP. A.whenheleft B.wherehehadleft C.howheleft D.whPdidheleft 考试重点： 2.与完成时有关的时态 ★现在完成时(havedone)since,for/inthepastfewmonths,uptonow 例1：CollectingtoPcarsasahobbPbecomesincreasinglPpopularduringthepastfiftPPears. ABCD
例2：English______inanewwaPatmPcollegeinthepastfewPears. A.hasbeentaught B.wasbeingtaught C.hasbeentaughtD.hadbeentaught. ★过去完成时(haddone) 例3：AnneaskedTom______thekeP. A.whenheleft B.wherehehadleft C.howheleft D.whPdidheleft 例4：ThechemistrPclass_____forfiveminuteswhenwehurriedthere. A.hadbeenon B.hadbegun C.hasbeenon D.wouldbegan ★将来完成时(willhavedone)bP 例5：We’relateIeGpectthefilm_____bPthetimewegettothecinema. A.hadalreadPstarted B.havealreadP C.willalreadPhavestarted D.havealreadPbeenstarted. ★现在完成进行时(havebeendoing) 例6：Itseemsoil___________fromthispipeforsometime.We'llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputitright. A.hadleaked B.isleaking C.leaked D.hasbeenleaking ★过去完成进行时(hadbeendoing) ★将来完成进行时(willhavebeendoing) 例7：BPthetimePouarrivethisevening,_______fortwohours. A.IwillstudP B.Iwillhavebeenstudied C.Ihadstudied D.IwillhavebeenstudPing.
3.在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态
▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时 例1：WhenthemiGture_____,itwillgiveoffapowerfulforce. A.willheat B.willbeheated C.isheated D.hasheated 例2：pleasebesuretotelephonemetheneGttimePou______. A.willcome B.wouldcome C.shallcome D.come ▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时 例3：SmithistostudPmedicineassoonashe_______militarPservice. A.willfinish B.hasfinished C.finish D.wouldfinish 注意：
例4：NoonecanbesureifthecarondisplaPfitshimorheruntilheorshe______them. A.tries B.willtrP C.aretrPing D.havetried 4.考试小窍门
◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项，要重点加以研读，一般说来是正确答案。
二、情态动词
1.几个情态动词的否定式的含义 can’t maPnot mustn’t need’t
2.表示推测的几个情态动词用法
★must表示肯定的推测，意思是“一定” +do对现在情况的推测 must +havedone对过去情况的推测 例1：I________asleepinthecorner,forIremembernothingofwhathappenedduringthenight. A.mightfall B.mustfall C.musthavefallen D.canhavefallen
★can’t/could’t表示否定的推测，意思是“不可能” +do对现在情况的推测 can’t/couldn’t +havedone对过去情况的推测
★maP/mightnot表示可能性很小的推测，意思是“也许…”
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+do对现在情况的推测 maP/might +havedone对过去情况的推测 3.情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法 needn’thavedone shouldhavedone shouldnothavedone oughttohavedone couldhavedone 4.考试小窍门
在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下，一般说来情态动词加完成时是正确答案。 ×Mustdo √Musthavedone 三、虚拟语气 赵文通 考试重点： 1.条件句中的虚拟语气 例１：IwouldaskGeorgetolendusthemonePifI______him. A.hadknown B.haveknown C.knew D.wouldknow 例２：Ifabettermaterial______,thestrengthofthepartwouldhavebeenincreased. A.hadbeenused B.hadbeenusing C.beingused D.using 条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点：
如果条件句中有were,had,should时，可以把if省略，然后把这三个单词提前，形成倒装。 例3：_____theadviceofhisfriends,hewouldnothavesufferedsuchaheavPlossinhisbusiness. A.Ifhetook B.ifheshouldtake C.Werehetotake D.Hadhetaken
含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用 三级考试中经常出现的三个句型： Butfor/without…，……
……,otherwise/or…
……,but/though…. 例４：ButforPourhelp,I_____theworkintime. A.didnotfinish B.couldnotfinish A.willnotfinish D.wouldnothavefinished 例５：WithoutelectricitP,humanlife_____quitedifferenttodaP. A.is B.willbe C.wouldhavebeen D.wouldbe 例６：HewasverPbusPPesterdaP;otherwisehe_____tothemeeting. A.wouldhavecome B.wouldcome C.couldcome D.hadcome 例７：WewouldhavemadealotofmoneP,butwehalfwaP A.gaveup B.hadgivenup C.wouldgiveup D.weretogiveup 错综时间条件句 例８：IfIwerePou,Iwouldnothavemissedthefilmlastnight.
2.(should)+动词原形在某些从句中的应用
1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest,request,insist,desire,demand,propose,order,command,arrange等动词时,如: 例１：Isuggestedthatweshouldgothereonfoot. 注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如: 例２：ThemaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoneP 2)Itisordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/等后的主语从句中 例３：ItisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverPthingreadPtonight3)advice,idea,order,plan,demand,proposal,suggestion,request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如: 例４：MPsuggestionisthatweshouldholdameetingthisevening
3.wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气 4.ifonlP引导的感叹句中
5.asif/asthough引导的状语从句中
6.wouldrather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式 7.itis(high)timethat….句型中,从句的谓语动词用过去式
四、非谓语动词 1.不定式
不定式的逻辑主语 例１：TheroadiswildenoughforcarstopassbP.
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例２：ItisimportantforPoutoworkhard. 例３：ItiskindofPoutohelpme.
不定式的时态和语态 例４：Themagnificentmuseumissaid_____aboutahundredPearsago. A.tobebuilt B.tohavebeenbuilt C.tohavebuilt D.tohavebeingbuilt 使用不带to的不定式 1)whPnotdo表示委婉的建议 例１：WhPnot_____ProfessorLiforhelpHeiskind-heartedandwillingtohelp. A.ask B.Pouask C.toask D.Pourasking
2)使役动词have,make,let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。
例２：Theteacherhasthestudents_____acompositioneverPotherweek. A.towrite B.written C.writing D.write 例３：Whilehewasclimbingthehighmountain,hehadhisleg_____ A.broke B.break C.broken D.breaking
例４：Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself_____ A.hearing B.beingtold C.tohear D.heard
3)表示生理感觉的动词如see,watch,notice,observe,hear后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。 例５：Withtearsonherface,theoldladPwatchedthelittleboP_____toahospital. A.send B.tobesent C.beingsent D.sending 4)dosomethingbut/eGceptdo 例６：Thereisnothingwecando_____wait. A.but B.ratherthan C.inspiteof C.besides. 5)记住下列不带to的短语 can’tbut can’thelpbut
hadbetter
2.动名词 1.有些动词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式，但意思有差异 remember forget regret stop goon mean
2.后面跟动名词的固定句式 havetrouble/problems/difficultdoingsomething feellike spend/waste…doingsomething can’thelp need/deserve/want beworth whatabout/howabout 3.分词
分词作表语 独立主格结构
例1：Duringthediscussion,MrBoPdremainedsilentwhenaskinghisopinion. ABCD
例2：PoureGperimentreportsmustbecheckedwithcarebefore_______ A.handedtheminB.themhandinginC.beinghandedinD.handingthemin
例３：_______intheairfuelsgiveoffheat.
A.TburnB.BurnedC.TbeburnedD.Beingburned 五、状语从句 赵文通 考试重点： 1．时间状语从句 ★while/ when/ as/ until
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