2016 年 5 月英语三级笔译实务真题
英译汉
Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky. Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.
维多西恩格里（Widou Thiengoly）的老人们都说，当年这里树木繁盛，林荫蔽日。而如今，这座位于塞内加尔西北部的村落四周绵延数英里都是红褐色的沙土，灌木丛和大树零星点缀其间。动物干粪在这里随处可见，但是干草却遍地难寻。
Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”
吉尔?波特舍（Gilles Boetsch）是一位人类学家，现正带领一支法国科研团队与塞内加尔的研究人员在当地联合开展研究。他说过度放牧和气候变化是撒哈拉沙漠面积不断扩大的主要原因。波特舍先生在接受采访时说：“当地的颇耳（Peul）族人都是牧民，很多还是游牧民，但是过度放牧已令这片土地不堪重负，植被无法自然恢复。”
Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall. First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert. While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead,
with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.
不过，塞内加尔自 2008 年起就开始对抗沙漠的侵蚀。自那时起，该国每年在绵延 545 千米（340 英里）的狭长地带上栽种约 200 万棵树苗。塞内加尔的这个防护林带是泛非洲植被恢复“绿色长城”计划的组成部分。这一“绿色长城”计划于 2005 年首次提出，旨在动员塞内加尔和其他 10 个撒哈拉地区的国家共同打造一条宽 15 千米、长 7,100 千米的防护林带，阻止撒哈拉沙漠的侵袭。许多国家目前仍未开始着手实施，不过塞内加尔已经率先行动，为此专门设立了“塞内加尔绿色长城组织”（National Agency for the Great Green Wall）。
“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology.“In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said. Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.
在当地接受采访时，塞内加尔绿色长城组织技术负责人帕普?萨尔（Pap Sarr）上校说： “这个半干旱地区的宜居性日益下降。我们要为人们继续在此繁衍生息创造条件。”在萨尔上校的协调推动下，塞内加尔研究人员与由波特舍带领的法国科研团队建立了工作关系，双方在土地微生物学、生态学、医学和人类学等诸多领域开展联合研究。萨尔上校说：“我们希望将塞内加尔当作试验田，尝试不同的解决方案，这样当其他国家参与进来的时候就有经验可循了。”自 2008 年起，每年的 5、6 月份塞内加尔都会雇用约400 人照看 8 个苗圃，他们负责选种、观察发芽情况、照看幼苗一直到树苗出圃。到了 8 月，
还会动员 1000 人将约 200 万株树苗成排栽种，这样在漫长的旱季
到来之前，有整整两个月的雨季让这些树苗扎根生长。
After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer.
在经历了第一个旱季后，树苗貌似枯死，褐色的嫩枝伸出地面上的坑洞，但树苗整体存活率达到 80%。2008 年栽下的树苗 6 年后已经有 3 米（10 英尺）高了。到目前为止，植树造林面积已达 3 万公顷（75,000 英亩），包括今年夏天栽种的 4,000 公顷树苗。让-吕克?佩里（Jean-Luc Peiry）是位于法国克莱蒙-费朗（Clermont-Ferrand）的布莱兹?帕斯卡大学（Université Blaise Pascal）自然地理学教授，他在一些植树造林的地块安放了 30 个气温记录传感器。他说，植树造林工程已对当地的微气候产生了明显影响。
There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical
geography professor at the Université Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.