专题十四 主谓一致与there be句型
,贵阳中考命题规律及趋势
there be句型与主谓一致为贵阳中考单项选择题的常考点，而且常与时态同时考查。同时，主谓一致是英语基本的语法和语言知识，是构成句子的关键。主谓一致在中考的各种题型中都涉及到，特别是在阅读和书面
表达中尤为重要。
,贵阳中考重难点突破
主谓一致语法一致 意义一致 就近原则 There be句型
在英语中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单，但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系有以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。
1．语法一致
使用情况 1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 2.表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 3.and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式 4.both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式 5.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses，shorts，trousers，jeans，shoes，clothes，gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 6.“a number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 续表
例句 (1)The girl is fond of singing. (2)To protect the environment is our duty. (3)Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. (1)The students are having their math class. (2)They have been to Qingdao twice. (1)The writer and teacher is coming. (2)The writer and the teacher are coming. Both Peter and Mike come from England. (1)Jack's glasses are broken. (2)Linda's shoes are black and blue. (1)A number of trees have been planted. (2)The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.
使用情况 7.a kind of＋名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。类似的短语还有： a sort of，a pair of，a glass of，a ton of，a box of等 8.不定代词one，every，each，everybody，everyone，one of，no one，nothing，nobody，someone，somebody，either，neither，many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。但none 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数，这要取决于说话人的看法 9.主语后面跟with，along with，like，except，besides，as well as，together with，including，no less than，rather than，as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 10.“分数或百分数＋名词”作主语或“a lot of/lots of，plenty of，most of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式 11.不定式，动名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数 12.表示国家，机构，事件，作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数 13.what从句作主语时，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式 2.意义一致
例句 (1)A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant. (2)A pair of shoes is under the bed. (1)Neither of my sisters likes sports. (2)Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book. (1)Mei Mei，with her parents，often goes to the park on Sunday. (2)A teacher，together with some students，is standing at the gate. (1)Two thirds of the work has been finished. (2)Most of the books are written in English. (1)Reading aloud is helpful to learn English. (2)What he said has been recorded One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories. (1)What we need is time. (2)What she needs are good books. 这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。
使用情况 1.表示时间，金钱，距离，体积，重量，面积，数字等词语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式 2.“the＋形容词”作主语时，其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；指一类人则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数 3.有些集体名词如crowd，family，team，group，govern-ment，class，staff，public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定；若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式 4.有些集合名词如people，police，cattle，poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单例句 (1)Eight hours of sleep is enough. (2)Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life. (1)The true is to be disting-uished from the false. (2)The sick here are very well cared for. (1)His family isn't large. (2)After dinner，his family us-ually take a walk along the lake. (1)The police are searching for the murderer. (2)Physics is his favorite
数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news，means，works，physics，politics等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式 5.某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式 6.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数 7.“all/most/half/the rest of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面名词的数保持一致 3.就近原则
subject. The United States is a developed country. (1)None of the money belongs to me. (2)None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class. (1)Most of her money is spent on clothes. (2)Half of the students watch TV twice a week. 这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。
使用情况 1.由or，either…or…，nor，neither … nor…，whether…or…，not…but…，not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须同与它相邻的主语保持一致 2.Here/There be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须同与它相邻的主语保持一致 4.there be句型
(1)“there＋be＋sb./sth.＋地点”表示“某处有某人或某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的主语时，be一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致。
(2)“there＋be＋sb./sth.＋地点”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not，not any，no。 (3)若变为一般疑问句则需要把be提前到句首。 【注意】
there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：
There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.过去这两栋楼后面有几所房子。 There was a sports meeting yesterday.昨天举行了一场运动会。
There will be/There is going to be a new film on Monday.星期一将有一场新电影上映。 There have been a lot of accidents around here.这里已经发生了许多起事故。 There must be a mistake somewhere.肯定有某个地方出错了。
,贵阳中考题例及解析
一、选词填空
1．My family ____(is/are)having lunch now.
【解析】答案为are 意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式。 2．Not only the teacher but also his students ____(like/likes)playing football.
【解析】答案为like 就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。离动词最近的主语是his students，动词用like。
例句 (3)Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film. (1)Here are some books and paper for you. (2)There is an orange and two apples on the plate.