他知道如何开车，对吧？
5.6助动词shall和will的用法
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如： I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。 He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。 说明：
在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:
He shall come. 他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）
He will come. 他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）
5.7助动词should和would的用法
1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如： I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。 比较：
\ I asked.
\我下周干什么？\我问道。（可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。）
2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如： He said he would come. 他说他要来。 比较：
\他说：\我要去那儿。\ 变成间接引语，就成了： He said he would come.
原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。
5.8短语动词
动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词（Phrasal Verb）。例如： Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。（turn off是短语动词）
短语动词的构成基本有下列几种： 1） 动词+副词，如：black out； 2） 动词+介词，如：look into；
3） 动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词（Particle）。
5.9非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1）不定式
时态\\语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2）动名词
时态\\语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 3）分词
时态\\语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式： not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词
6.动名词
6.1动名词作主语、宾语和表语
1）作主语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。
2）作宾语
a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit 承认 appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免
complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 prevent阻止
fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆 resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险
suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 detest 讨厌 miss 想念 resent 讨厌 understand 理解
forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 举例：
(1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? (2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
b. 词组后接doing
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to be busy look forward to to为介词）
no good, no use, It's worth…, as well as, can't help, It's no use /good be tired of be fond of be capable of be afraid of be proud of think of / about hold off put off keep on insist on count on / upon set about be successful in good at take up give up burst out prevent … from…
3）作表语
Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.
6.2Worth的用法
worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj. 意为\值得\。
1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示\值得……\ be worth doing sth. \某事值得被做\
The question is not worth discussing again and again.
2. worthy：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示\值得……\ be worthy to be done \某事值得被做\
The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.
3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth \值得做某事\ worth while： It is worth while doing sth It is worth while sb to do sth. 典型例题
It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again. A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while
答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。
7动词不定式
7.1不定式作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake 举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
7.2不定式作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite
judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn 例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 b. We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。 I found him lying on the ground. I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例题:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。
3) to be +形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式