operate a computer 操作电脑 operating system （计算机）操作系统 operate on a patient 给病人手术 operating table 手术台 operation n.操作，手术 in operation 操作中 The new rules will come into（开始工作，生效）operation from next week. put sth. into operation/practice 实施...... 15. oppose v.反对，对抗 oppose sth oppose doing sth be opposed to sth/doing sth She was/remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.她强烈反对移居国外的注意。 16. opposite adj.相反的，对面的，对立的 adv.在对面 prep.在......对面 n.对立面，反义词 have the opposite opinion 持相反的观点 the opposite of heavy 反义词 There is a shop opposite our school.在我们学校对面有一家商店。 17. optimistic adj. 乐观的 take an optimistic view 抱有乐观的想法 be optimistic about… 18. or conj. 或者，否则 or=or else=otherwise 否则 or so 大约 Hurry or else we will be late. either…or… 或…...或…... whether…or/or not… 无论…...还是（不是）...… Hurry, or you will be late. 快点，否则你要迟到了。 19. order n.顺序，命令，订单 v. 命令，整理，订购 in/out of order 有序/有毛病 in order of time 按时间顺序 order（sb）to do 命令某人做某事 order that…(should)… in order to do sth./that… 为了...... place an order for 订购...... order a dish/a car May I take your order? 您点好菜了吗？ 20. organise/organize v.组织 organisation n.组织
a well-organised trip 有组织的，有系统的
21. other adj.其他的，另外的 pron.另外一个
other than=except (for)=besides 除了 the other day/week 前几天，前几周 another day/time 改天，下次 22. otherwise adv.否则，另外 adj.另外的 Do it otherwise, please. =Do it in another way，please. 请以另一种方式做。 or otherwise 或相反 23.out adv.在外，出局 adj.外面的，出局的 prep.向，离去 v.出来 n.出局 out of luck 不走运 out of sight 看不见 one out of four 四分之一 run out 用尽 outdoor activities 户外运动 eat outdoors 野餐 24. over prep.在......上，超过，越过 adv.越过，结束 take over 接管 get over 克服 (all ) over again 再次 over and again 反复地 over=more than 超过 over dinner/a coffee 在吃晚饭/喝咖啡期间 25. overcome v.战胜，克服 overcome the enemy overcome financial problems/a bad habit 克服金融问题/一个坏习惯 be overcome with (anger/sorrow) 极其/非常（生气/悲伤） 26. overlook v.俯瞰，忽略 He seems to have overlooked one important fact. 他看上去忽略了一个重要的事实。 27. owe v.欠，归功于 owe sb sth =owe sth to sb 欠某人某物，把某事归功于某人 owing to =because of 因为，由于 28.own adj.自己的 v.拥有 owner n.所有者，物主 ownership n.所有权，物主身份 a car of my own=my own car 我自己的车 He did it on his own 独立地，单独地 I don‘t own anything of any value. 我没有任何有价值的东西。 P（67） 1. pack n.包，捆；一群 v.打包，包装，捆扎，塞满，挤
a pack of cigarettes/clothes a pack of thieves
pack sth away 把......收拾起来放好 pack sth (up) 将...…包/捆起来
pack sth/sb into sth 使…...挤进...…
The room was packed with people. 屋子里挤满了人。
They packed into a tiny car. 他们挤进了一辆小车。
2. pain n.疼痛 v.使......痛苦，感到疼痛 pains n.辛苦，费劲
His neck is in pain. 他脖子疼。
He has a bad pain in his left foot. 他左脚非常疼。 pleasures and pains 苦与乐 No pains, no gains. 不劳不获。
3. pale adj.苍白的，无力的，暗淡的 v.（使）失色，（使）变苍白，（使）变暗淡 go pale 变得苍白
4. panic n.惊慌，恐慌 v.（使）惊慌，（使）恐慌
panicked adj.感到惊慌的 panicking adj.令人惊慌的 There‘s no panic.
They were in a state（状态）of panic. There‘s no point getting into panic about the exams.关于考试惊慌没有意义。
I panicked when I saw smoke coming out of my house.
The gunfire panicked my horse. 炮火使我的马惊慌。
5. paper n(u)/(c) 纸；报纸；论文；试卷 注意：paper当纸讲时不可数；如果纸上有字了，比如当报纸、论文、试卷讲时则可数。 a sheet/piece of paper 一张纸 go through the papers 检查试卷
6. park n.公园，停车场 vt. 停放（车辆、飞机等）
Can we park the car here? a parking lot 一个停车场
7. part n.部分；成分；角色；零件 adj.部分的 vt./vi.分开；分离
play/act a part in 起作用，扮演角色 a part-time teacher 一个兼职老师
He tried to part the two men who were fighting. 他试着分开两个正在打架的人。
They two parted at the gate. 他们两人在门口分别。
8. participate v.参加，参与 participant 参与者 articipation 参与
participate in 参加/参与......
She didn‘t participate in the discussion.
9. particular adj.特殊的，特别的，详细的，挑剔的 n.详细说明，个别项目 particularly adv.
particulars n.细节，详情
be particular about 对..…..挑剔 in particular 特别，尤其
He stressed the point in particular. 他尤其强调了这一点。
We must pay particular attention to the point. 我们必须特别注意这一点。
The nurse asked me for my particulars. 护士询问了我的详细情况。
10. partly adv.部分地， 在一定程度上 The road is partly finished.
I didn‘t enjoy the trip very much , partly because of the weather.
He was only partly responsible for the accident.
11. pass vt.传递，经过，通过 pass away 去世 pass by 经过，路过
12. past adj. 过去的，前任的 n.过去，往事 adv. 经过 prep.过 a past president 前任总统
in the past 在过去 run/walk past 跑/走过 13. patience n.容忍；耐心
have (no) patience with sb （不）宽恕某人 lose one‘s patience with sb=be out of patience with sb 对某人失去耐心
14. patient n.病人 adj.耐心的 be patient with 对......有耐心
15. pay (paid, paid) v. 支付，偿还 n.工资
pay sb for sth
pay off 偿清，有报偿 pay back 偿还
pay a visit to 参观/拜访...... get paid 得到报酬
The workers get paid by the month. 这些工人按月领工资。
16. people n.(c) 人们；民族；人民 people of all walks of life 各界人士 The Chinese are hard–working people.
He lived for the people and died for the people. 他为人民而生，为人民而死。 17. percent n.百分之…...
70 percent of the students are… 百分之七十的学生是......
18. perform v. 表演，表现，执行，完成 She performs an important role in our
organization. 她在我们组织中起着重要作用。 This operation has never been performed in this country.
A computer can perform many tasks at once. 计算机可以一次执行多项任务。
The play was first performed in 1987. 这部戏剧在1987年首次被表演。
The company has been performing poorly over the past year.这家公司过去几年一直表现不佳。performer n.执行者，表演者
performance n.表演，表现，执行，完成 19. permission n.允许，许可，同意 ask/request/apply for permission 申请许可 get/obtain/receive permission 获得批准 with/without one‘s permission （未）经某人许可20. permit (permitted, permitting) vt. 许可，允许 n. 许可证
permit sth/doing sth permit sb to do
21. personal adj.个人的，亲自的 one's personal view/opinion 个人观点
personal possessions/property/belongings 私人物品/财产/所有物
for personal use 供个人使用
take a personal interest in sth 私下对某物感兴趣 personal experience 亲身经历 22. persuade v.说服，劝说
persuade sb to sth=persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事（强调结果）
persuade sb not to do sth=persuade sb out of doing 说服某人不要做某事（强调结果）
I persuaded him of the truth.=I persuaded him that it was true.我说服他相信这个事实。 I am persuaded of his innocence.=I am
persuaded that he is innocent.我被说服，相信他是无辜的。
23. physical adj.身体的，物理的 physical education 体育 physical training 身体训练 a physical examination 体检 physical labor 体力劳动
the physical world 物质世界 a physical change 物理变化
24. pick v.采摘，挑选，拾取，精选，接收（广播等）
pick apples 采摘苹果
pick on sb. 找某人的茬儿 pick out 选出，辨认出
pick up 捡起，接某人，不费力地学会
She soon picked up some French while she was staying in Paris.
在法国停留的那段时间里，她很快学会了一些法语。
My radio can pick up VOA very clearly. 我的收音机能够清楚的接收VOA。
He picked up many bad habits while in prison. 在监狱的时候他染上了一些坏习惯。
At the next corner, the bus stopped and picked up three more people.
在下一个拐角处，这辆公共汽车停下来接了三个人。
25. pin（pinned，pinning） n.大头针，针 v.钉住，将......用针憋住 a diamond pin 一枚钻石胸针
A message was pinned to the notice board.一则消息被别在了公告板上。 26. pity n.怜悯，同情，可惜 have/take pity on 同情/怜悯...... What a pity! 太可惜了！ out of pity 出于同情/怜悯 27. plan vt. /n 计划 plan to do sth plan for the future
make a plan for 为......制定计划 28. please v. 请，使高兴 pleased adj.高兴的 满意的 pleasure n.高兴 愉快
pleasant adj. 令人愉快的 29. point n, 点；分数；要点；特征；意义 v. 指，指向
the boiling/freezing point 沸点/冰点
There is no point (in) doing sth. 这样做毫无意义。
point to/at 指着...... off the point 离题 to the point 切题
30. poor (poorer, poorest) adj.贫穷的；贫瘠的；可怜的；差的
be poor/rich in natural resources 自然资源贫瘠/丰富
a poor fellow 一个可怜的家伙 a poor memory 很差的记忆力 be poor in health 健康状况很差
31. popular adj.流行的；受欢迎的；大众的；通俗的
The book is popular with children. 这本书受孩子们欢迎。
They sell the computers at popular prices. 他们廉价卖这些电脑。 popular songs 流行歌曲 popular science 科普
32. population n.人口；数量
have a large/small population 人口多/少 The population of the city is increasing. Seventy percent of the population are workers. have a population of 有......人口/数量 33. possess vt.持有，拥有 possessio n.持有，拥有，财产
He was charged with possessing a shotgun
without a license.他被指控无执照持有猎枪罪。 I‘m afraid he doesn‘t possess a sense of humor. 恐怕他没有幽默感。
A terrible fear possessed her. 她极度地恐惧。 On his father‘s death, he came into possession of a vast fortune.他父亲一死，他就拥有了大量的财富。
take possession of 占有，拥有
Tom is in possession of the house.= The house is in the possession of Tom.
personal possessions 个人财产
34. possibility n.可能，可能性，可能发生的事物
There is no possibility that she will make a full recovery.她没有可能痊愈。 35. possible adj.可能的 possibly adv.
as 形容词/副词as possible 尽可能...… Please write to me as soon as possible. if (it is )possible 如果可能的话 I‘ll go with you if possible. 36. potato n.土豆
37. pour v.倒 ；倾泻；不断流出；大量涌来
The rain is pouring down. 大雨倾盆而下。 Reports of successes keep pouring in. 捷报频传。
The students poured out of/into the dinning hall.学生们涌出/涌入餐厅。
38. power n. 能力， 动力， 权利，电力 beyond one‘s power 超出能力范围 in power 执政
power station 发电站 come into power上台执政 power failure 停电
39. practice n. 实践；练习；惯例
according to the international practice 根据国际惯例
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 40. practise v.练习；实践；从事 practice n.
practise doing sth
practise medicine/law 行医/当律师 41. pray v.祈祷，恳求
prayer n.祈祷，恳求，祷告，祈祷文 They knelt down and prayed.他们跪下来祈祷。
She prayed to God for an ending to her sufferings.她向上帝祈祷结束她的痛苦。 We prayed that she would recover from her illness.我们祈祷她将从病中恢复过来。 We are praying for good weather on Saturday.我们祈祷周六有个好天气。
My prayer is that one day he will walk again.我祈祷有一天他将能够重新走路。 42. predict v 预言，预见
Nobody can predict the outcome（结果）. It is impossible（不可能的）to predict what will happen.
43. preference n.偏爱，倾向，优先权
Many people expressed a strong preference for the original plan.很多人更倾向于最初的计划。 give (a) preference to sb/sth 给…...以优惠或优待
Preference should be given to graduates of this university.
in preference to 而不是
She was chosen in preference to her sister. 44. prepare vt. 准备，使…...做准备
prepare a piece of paper for the diction 为…...准备...…
prepare to do sth 准备做某事 prepare sb for sth 使某人为…做准备
be (well) prepared for sth/to do sth （表状态） make preparations for 为...…做准备
in preparation for 为...…做准备 (作状语) The teacher prepared the students for the exam. 45. present adj. 现在的；出席的；在场的 n.礼物 v. 呈现；介绍；赠送
be present at the meeting 出席会议
He presented the report to the headmaster. 他向校长提交了报告。
46. preserve v.保持，保存，保护，维持，维护，保养，保鲜
He was anxious to preserve his reputation. 他急于维护他的声誉。
Efforts to preserve the peace have failed.维护和平的努力失败了。
This is a perfectly preserved 14th-century house. 这是一所保存完好的14世纪房屋。
Is she really 60? She‘s remarkably well preserved.她真的60岁了吗？她明显保养很好。
The vegetables should be preserved in the fridge.这些蔬菜应该被保存在冰消里。
The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.这个社团被建立来保护濒危物种。
47. press v.压，按，逼迫 n.压，按，新闻，新闻界，出版社
The story was reported in the press and on
television.这则故事在新闻和电视上被报道。 The press was/were not allowed to attend the trial.新闻界不被允许参加审判。
The dictionary was published in Oxford
University Press.这本词典是牛津大学出版社出版的。
She pressed her face against the window. 她把脸贴在窗户上。
They are pressing us to make a quick decision.他们逼迫我快点做决定。
48.pressure 压力；心理压力；紧张；承受着某事的压力
air/water pressure 气压/水压
She was unable to attend because of the pressure of the work.因为工作压力，她不可能出席。
pressure sb into sth/doing sth
Don‘t let yourself be pressured into making a hasty decision. 不要勉强自己仓促做决定。 under pressure 被迫
The team performs well under pressure. 这个队在压力下表现良好。 49. pretend v.假装，伪装 pretend to do sth 假装做某事 50. prevent vt.预防，阻止
Prevent sb/sth from doing 防止/阻止某人做某事
Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice. 没有什么可以阻止他公开反对不公。
Prevention is better than cure. 预防胜于治疗。 We should take some preventive actions to avoid the diseases. 我们应该采取一些预防措施来避免疾病。
51. price n. 价格；代价
at a high/low price 一高/低价
at a price of two dollars per kilo 以每公斤两美元的价格
at any price 不惜一切代价 52. prison n.监狱，监禁 prisoner n.囚犯，俘虏 take sb prisoner 俘虏某人
53. process n.过程；步骤，流程；工序，工艺流程 v.加工，处理；冲印 mental processes 思维过程
We‘re in the process of selling our house. the ageing process 老化过程
It‘s a normal part of the learning process. 那是学习过程中的正常现象。