内蒙古科技大学
年产量50万吨焦炉气合成甲醇
的工艺初步设计
学院：化学与化工学院 团队：ZHPL2
成员：张、李、黄、
刘、庞
摘要
甲醇是一种应用广泛的基础化工原料和优良的清洁燃料，在世界基础有机化工原料中。随着我国工业化进程和城镇化进程的推进，清洁能源受到国家扶持，对甲醇的需求将逐步增加，这对甲醇工业来说无疑是利好的。甲醇生产合成气的制备可以用天然气、煤、石脑油或重油等含碳物质为原料。
焦炉煤气是煤经过高温干馏后副产物的可燃性气体，主要成分为 H2和 CH4，除此之外还有 CO、CO2、N2和少量 O2以及少部分的 C2以上不饱和烃。焦炉煤气是煤经过高温干馏后副产的可燃性气体，主要成分为 H2和 CH4，除此之外还有 CO、CO2、N2和少量 O2以及少部分的 C2以上不饱和烃。目前已经投入工业化使用的脱硫技术主要分为干法脱硫和湿法脱硫。甲醇合成塔主要由外筒、内件和电加热器三部分组成。内件事由催化剂筐和换热器两部分组成。根据内件的催化剂筐和换热器的结构形式不同，甲醇内件分为若干类型。为了综合利用资源，可以将焦炉煤气作为合成甲醇、合成氨和制氢及制 LNG 的原料。
为了满足经济发展对甲醇的需求，开展了此50万吨/年的甲醇项目。设计的主要内容是进行工艺论证，物料衡算和热量衡算等。本设计本着符合国情、技术先进和易得、经济、环保的原则，采用煤炭为原料，低压下利用列管均温合成塔合成甲醇；三塔精馏工艺精制甲醇。
甲醇的生产厂内可划分为生产区、生产辅助区、储罐区、行政区以及生活区。根据建筑物的朝向，主导风向的影响（常年主导风向西北风）， 焦炉煤气制甲醇的生产过程中，有些环节会产生对环境的不利因素。我们需要不断总结经验，在不改变合成甲醇工艺主线的前提下，对工艺中的一些设备、流程进行了改革，从而使工艺更完善，同时也减少了污染，以此实现提高产量和减少污染的目的。
关键词：焦炉气；甲醇；物料衡算；热衡算
I
Abstract
Methanol is a widely used basic chemical raw materials and fine clean fuel in the world, the basis of organic chemical raw materials. With the advance of industrializa-tion and urbanization process in China, clean energy by the state support, the demand for methanol will gradually increase, which the methanol industry is undoubtedly fa-vorable. Preparation of synthesis gas for methanol production can be natural gas, coal, naphtha or heavy oil as a raw material and other carbonaceous material.
Coke oven gas is a byproduct of coal at high temperatures after the dry distillation of the combustible gas, mainly composed of H2 and CH4, in addition to CO, CO2, N2 and O2 as well as a small part of a small amount of C2 or more unsaturated hydrocarbons. Coke oven gas after the high temperature carbonization of coal-produced combustible gas, mainly composed of H2 and CH4, in addition to CO, CO2, N2 and O2 as well as a small part of a small amount of C2 or more unsaturated hydrocarbons. Has been put into industrial use of desulfurization desulfurization technology is mainly divided into dry and wet desulfurization. Methanol synthesis reactor is mainly composed of an outer tube, the inner member and the electric heater consists of three parts. Within a matter of two parts catalyst basket and a heat exchanger components. Depending on the form and structure of the catalyst basket within the heat exchanger elements, the inner parts of methanol is divided into several types. For comprehensive utilization of resources, coke oven gas can be as synthetic methanol, ammonia and hydrogen pro-duction and manufacturing LNG feedstock.
In order to meet the economic development needs of methanol, to carry out this 500,000 tons of methanol project / year. The main content of the design process is carried out feasibility studies, material balance and heat balance and so on. This de-sign spirit of national conditions, advanced technology readily available, economical, environmentally friendly principle, the use of coal as raw material, the use of syn-thetic column tube uniform temperature methanol synthesis at low pressure; three towers of refined methanol distillation process.
II