¼Ù¶¨ H2O(g) ΪÀíÏëÆøÌå, Çó 25¡æʱ H2O(g) µÄ DfGm¡ã ¡£
47.(±¾Ìâ10·Ö) 3405
ÒÑÖª Fe2O3 (s), CO2(g) µÄ DfGm¡ã ·Ö±ðΪ -741, -394.4 kJ¡¤mol-1 , DfHm¡ã ·Ö±ðΪ-822,-393.5 kJ¡¤mol-1, Sm¡ã ·Ö±ðΪ 90,214 J¡¤mol-1¡¤K-1, ÇÒFe(s),C ʯī µÄ Sm¡ã·Ö±ðΪ 5.7,27.2 J¡¤mol-1¡¤K-1¡£¼ÆËã˵Ã÷ÔÚ298K¡¢ ±ê׼ѹÁ¦ÏÂ, Óà C »¹Ô Fe2O3 Éú³É Fe ºÍ CO2 ÔÚÈÈÁ¦Ñ§ÉÏÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÄÜ ? ÈôÒª·´
Ó¦×Ô·¢½øÐÐ, ζÈ×îµÍΪ¶àÉÙ?
48.(±¾Ìâ 5·Ö) 3407
ÒÑÖª CaCO3(s) == CaO(s) + CO2(g) DfGm¡ã /kJ¡¤mol-1 -1128.84 -604.04 -394.36
Èô¿ÕÆøÖÐ CO2 µÄº¬Á¿Îª 0.030 % (Ìå»ý·ÖÊý), ¼ÆËã 298 K ʱ CaCO3 ¹ÌÌåÔÚ¿Õ ÆøÖÐÈȷֽⷴӦµÄ DrGm, ÔÚ´ËÌõ¼þϸ÷´Ó¦ÄÜ·ñ×Ô·¢½øÐÐ?
49.(±¾Ìâ10·Ö) 3408
ÒÑÖª SO2(g) + 1/2O2(g) == SO3(g) DfHm¡ã /kJ¡¤mol-1 -296.8 -395.7 Sm¡ã/J¡¤mol-1¡¤K-1 248.1 205.0 256.6
ͨ¹ý¼ÆËã˵Ã÷ÔÚ1000 Kʱ,SO3,SO2,O2µÄ·Öѹ·Ö±ðΪ 0.10,0.025,0.025 MPa ʱ, Õý·´Ó¦ÊÇ·ñ×Ô·¢½øÐÐ?
50.(±¾Ìâ 5·Ö) 3432
ͨ¹ý¼ÆËã½âÊÍ: ÂÈ»¯ï§ÈܽâÊÇÎüÈȹý³Ì, µ«ËüÈ´Ò×ÈÜÓÚË®¡£
ÒÑÖª DfHm¡ã /kJ¡¤mol-1 Sm¡ã/J¡¤K-1¡¤mol-1 NH4Cl(s) -315.5 94.6 NH4£«(aq) -132.4 113.4 Cl£(aq) -167.1 56.5
51.(±¾Ìâ 5·Ö) 3444
ÒÑÖª¾§ÌåµâºÍµâÕôÆøµÄ Sm¡ã·Ö±ðΪ 116.7,261 J¡¤mol-1¡¤K-1 , µâÕôÆøµÄ DfHm¡ã Ϊ 62.4 kJ¡¤mol-1 ¡£ÊÔ¼ÆË㾧ÌåµâµÄÕý³£Éý»ªÎ¶ȡ£
52.(±¾Ìâ 5·Ö) 3452
Óûʹ CaCO3(s) ÔÚ±ê׼ѹÁ¦Ï·ֽâΪ CaO(s) ºÍ CO2(g), ×îµÍζÈΪ¶àÉÙ?
(¼ÙÉè DHm¡ã¼° DSm¡ã²»Ëæζȱ仯¶ø±ä»¯)
ÒÑÖª: DfHm¡ã CaCO3(s)= -1206.90 kJ¡¤mol-1 DfHm¡ã CaO(s) = -635.55 kJ¡¤mol-1 DfHm¡ã CO2(g) = -393.50 kJ¡¤mol-1 Sm¡ã CaCO3(s)= 92.9 J¡¤mol-1¡¤K-1 Sm¡ã CaO(s) = 39.8 J¡¤mol-1¡¤K-1 Sm¡ã CO2(g) = 213.6 J¡¤mol-1¡¤K-1
53.(±¾Ìâ10·Ö) 3453 ´ÓÏÂÁÐÊý¾Ý:
NiSO4¡¤6H2O(s) DfGm¡ã = -2221.7 kJ¡¤mol-1 NiSO4(s) DfGm¡ã = -773.6 kJ¡¤mol-1 H2O(g) DfGm¡ã = -228.4 kJ¡¤mol-1 (1) ¼ÆËã·´Ó¦NiSO4¡¤6H2O(s) ¤ñ NiSO4(s) + 6H2O(g)µÄ Kp¡ã (2) H2O ÔÚ¹ÌÌå NiSO4¡¤6H2O ÉϵÄƽºâÕôÆøѹΪ¶àÉÙ?
54.(±¾Ìâ10·Ö) 0451
Éè·´Ó¦ A(g)¡úB(g)ÔÚ25¡æ,±ê׼ѹÁ¦Ï°´ÏÂÁÐÁ½ÖÖÇé¿ö½øÐÐ:
µÚ¢ñÖÖÇé¿ö:·´Ó¦Ã»ÓÐ×÷¹¦,µ«ÓÐ41.8 kJ¡¤mol-1ÈÈÊͷųöÀ´¡£ µÚ¢òÖÖÇé¿ö:·´Ó¦×÷ÁË×î´ó¹¦,·ÅÈÈ1.67 kJ¡¤mol-1¡£
¼ÆËãÕâÁ½ÖÖÇé¿öµÄ Q, W,DrUm¡ã ,DrHm¡ã ,DrSm¡ã ,DrGm¡ã Öµ²¢ÌîÈë±íÖÐ ©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤
©¦ Q ©¦ W ©¦ DrUm¡ã ©¦ DrHm¡ã ©¦ DrSm¡ã ©¦ DrGm¡ã
©¦©¤©¤©¤©¤©¦©¤©¤©¤©¤©¦©¤©¤©¤©¤©¦©¤©¤©¤©¤©¦©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¦©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤
©¦ kJ/mol ©¦ kJ/mol ©¦ kJ/mol ©¦ kJ/mol ©¦ kJ/(mol¡¤K) ©¦ kJ/mol ©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤
¢ñ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦
©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤
¢ò©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦ ©¦
©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤
55.(±¾Ìâ10·Ö) 0460
ÒÑÖªÔÚ298KʱÓÐÏÂÁÐÈÈÁ¦Ñ§Êý¾Ý:
©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©Ð©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤ ©¦ C(s) ©¦ CO(g)©¦ Fe(s)©¦ Fe2O3(s) ©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤ DfHm¡ã /kJ¡¤mol-1 ©¦ 0 ©¦-110.5©¦ 0 ©¦ -822.2 ©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©à©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤ Sm¡ã/J¡¤K-1 ¡¤mol-1©¦ 5.74 ©¦197.56©¦ 27.28©¦ 90
©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©Ø©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤©¤
¼Ù¶¨ÉÏÊöÈÈÁ¦Ñ§Êý¾Ý²»Ëæζȶø±ä»¯,Çë¹ÀËãFe2O3ÄÜÓÃC»¹ÔµÄζȡ£ 56.(±¾Ìâ10·Ö) 0462 ÒÑÖª:
C-H C-C H-O O=O C=O ¼üìʨÁkJ¡¤mol-1 415 331 465 498 708 ÊÔÅжÏÏÂÁз´Ó¦ÄÜ·ñ×Ô·¢·´Ó¦?
CH3COCH3(g) + 4O2(g) == 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
57.(±¾Ìâ 5·Ö) 0472
¸ß´¿ÎýÔÚ 600 K ÈÛÖý, ÓÐÏÂÃæ·´Ó¦·¢Éú:
Sn(l) + O2(g) == SnO2(s) DrGm¡ã = -418 kJ¡¤mol-1
Ϊ±ÜÃâ SnO2 Éú³É, ÄâÓà Ar ×÷±£»¤Æø, µ«Í¨³£ Ar ÖÐ O2 ·ÖѹΪ 0.10 Pa, ÎÊ
ÈÛÖýÎýʱʹÓà Ar ÄÜ·ñ´ïµ½Ä¿µÄ? ͨ¹ý¼ÆËã˵Ã÷¡£
58.(±¾Ìâ 5·Ö) 0474
·´Ó¦ CCl4 (l) + H2(g) == HCl(g) + CHCl3 (l)
DrHm¡ã = -90.3 kJ¡¤mol-1, DrSm¡ã = -41.5 J¡¤mol-1¡¤K-1 ÎÊÏÂÊöÇé¿öÏÂÄÄÒ»ÖÖ·´Ó¦µÄ×Ô·¢ÐԽϴó? (1) ±ê̬ÏÂ
(2) pH2= 1.0 MPa, pHCl = 0.010 MPa
59.(±¾Ìâ 5·Ö) 0475
ÒÔ°×ÔÆʯΪÔÁÏ, Óà Si×÷»¹Ô¼ÁÀ´Ò±Á¶ Mg, ÔÚ 1450 KÏ·¢ÉúµÄÖ÷·´Ó¦Îª:
CaO(s) + 2 MgO(s) + Si(s) == CaSiO3(s) + 2 Mg(g)
DrGm¡ã = -126 kJ¡¤mol-1 ÎÊ·´Ó¦Æ÷ÄÚÕôÆøѹÉý¸ßµ½¶àÉÙ,·´Ó¦½«²»ÄÜ×Ô·¢½øÐÐ?
60.(±¾Ìâ10·Ö) 3406
50¡æ
ÒÑÖª Ni(s) + 4CO(g) ¨¾====== Ni(CO)4 150¡æ
DfHm¡ã /kJ¡¤mol-1 0 -111 -605 Sm¡ã/J¡¤mol-1¡¤K-1 30 198 402 DfGm¡ã /kJ¡¤mol-1 0 -137 -587
ÖÆÈ¡´¿ÄøÊÇÔÚ 50¡æÏÂ, CO ºÍ´ÖÄø·´Ó¦Éú³É Ni(CO)4, ºóÕßÔÚ 150¡«300¡æ ·Ö ½â¶øµÃµ½´¿Äø¡£Í¨¹ý¼ÆËã˵Ã÷´Ë¹ý³ÌµÄÈÈÁ¦Ñ§ÔÀí¡£ ËÄ . ÎÊ´ðÌ⣺(¹² 45·Ö)
1.(±¾Ìâ 5·Ö) 0426
100 g Ìú·ÛÔÚ25¡æÈÜÓÚÑÎËáÉú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÑÇÌú(FeCl2),
(1) Õâ¸ö·´Ó¦ÔÚÉÕ±Öз¢Éú; (2) Õâ¸ö·´Ó¦ÔÚÃܱÕÖüÆ¿Öз¢Éú; Á½ÖÖÇé¿öÏà
±È, Äĸö·ÅÈȽ϶à? ¼òÊöÀíÓÉ¡£ 2.(±¾Ìâ 5·Ö) 0464
¼òµ¥»Ø´ð: ʲôÊÇìÊ? ·Çºãѹ¹ý³ÌÊÇ·ñÓÐìʱä? ÓеĻ°, µÈÓÚʲô ? 3.(±¾Ìâ10·Ö) 3470
N2H4 ºÍ H2O2 µÄ»ìºÏÎï¿É×÷Ϊ»ð¼ýȼÁÏ, ËüÃǵķ´Ó¦ÈçÏÂ: N2H4(g) + 2H2O2(g) == N2(g) + 4H2O(g) (1) ÈôÒÑÖª N2H4(g) µÄ DfHm¡ã = 95.8 kJ¡¤mol-1;
·´Ó¦ H2(g) + H2O2(g) == 2H2O(g) µÄ DrHm¡ã = -348.6 kJ¡¤mol-1, ÇóÉÏÊö·´Ó¦µÄ DrHm¡ã
(2) ÒÑÖª DH¡ã( H©¤H) = 436 kJ¡¤mol-1, DH¡ã (H©¤O) = 465 kJ¡¤mol-1 Çó H2O2 ÖÐ O©¤O ¼üµÄ¼üÄÜ¡£
4.(±¾Ìâ 5·Ö) 0446
²Î¿¼ÏÂÃ漸ÖÖµªµÄÑõ»¯ÎïÔÚ298KµÄDfHm¡ã ºÍDfGm¡ã Êý¾Ý, ÍƶÏÆäÖÐÄÜÔÚ¸ßÎÂ
ÏÂÓÉÔªËص¥ÖʺϳÉÄÄÖÖµªÑõ»¯ºÏÎï ?
DfHm¡ã /kJ¡¤mol-1 DfGm¡ã /kJ¡¤mol-1 (1) N2 O(g) +82.00 +104.20 (2) NO(g) +90.25 +86.57 (3) N2 O3(g) +82.72 +139.41 (4) NO2(g) +33.18 +51.36
5.(±¾Ìâ 5·Ö) 0469
ÔÚÆøÏà·´Ó¦ÖÐ DrGm¡ã ºÍ DrGmÓкβ»Í¬? ÔÚÒºÌåµÄÕý³£·Ðµãʱ, ÄÜ·ñÓÃ
DrGm¡ã =0 À´±íʾ¸ÃÌåϵ´ïµ½Æ½ºâ? Ϊʲô?
6.(±¾Ìâ 5·Ö) 3461
ÏÂÁÐÁ½¸ö·´Ó¦ÔÚ 298 KºÍ±ê׼̬ʱ¾ùΪ·Ç×Ô·¢·´Ó¦, ÆäÖÐÔÚ¸ßÎÂÏÂÈÔΪ·Ç×Ô
·¢·´Ó¦µÄÊÇÄÄÒ»¸ö? Ϊʲô?
(1) Fe2O3(s) + 3/2C(ʯī) == 2Fe(s) + 3/2CO2(g) (2) 6C(ʯī) + 6H2O(g) == C6H12O6(s)
7.(±¾Ìâ10·Ö) 3460
ÔÚʵ¼Ê¿ÆÑÐÓëÉú²úÖÐ, »¯Ñ§·´Ó¦Ò»°ã¶¼ÒªÔÚ¼ÓÈÈÌõ¼þϽøÐÐ, ´ÓÈÈÁ¦Ñ§Ó붯
Á¦Ñ§Á½·½ÃæÖ¸³ö¼ÓÈȵÄÔÒò(¼ÙÉèDrHm¡ã ¡¢DrSm¡ã ¡¢ Ea ²»Ëæζȱ仯)¡£ÁíÍâ,
Ö¸³öÏÂÁм¸¸ö·´Ó¦ÔÚ¸ßÎÂϽøÐÐÓÐÎÞÈÈÁ¦Ñ§µÄÄ¿µÄ ¡£Ìá¸ß·´Ó¦Î¶ȶԲúÂÊ(»òת »¯ÂÊ)ÓкÎÓ°Ïì¡£
·´ Ó¦ DrHm¡ã /kJ¡¤mol-1 DrSm¡ã /kJ¡¤mol-1¡¤K-1
¢Ù CaCO3(s) £½ CaO(s) + CO2(g) 177.85 0.16 ¢Ú N2(g) + 3H2(g) £½ 2NH3(g) -92.38 -0.20