中考英语知识点复习 专题十四 简单句
易错清单
一、 陈述句的否定结构
1. 含有have的否定句
(1) have当“拥有,所有”讲时,其否定形式有两种。如: I have an e-dictionary. 我有一个电子词典。 可改为:I don't have an e-dictionary. (√) I have not an e-dictionary. (√)
(2) have作“吃、喝、玩、度过”讲时,其否定形式借助于助动词do。如:
I had milk for breakfast this morning. (变否定句) →I didn't have milk for breakfast this morning.
(3) have为助动词时,其否定形式为haven't。如:
I have visited Diaoyu Island. (变否定句) →I haven't visited Diaoyu Island. 2. 注意以下几种情况:
(1)含有all, both, each, every, both...and...等的肯定句加not变为否定句后,只表示部分否定;若表示全部否定,则需分别用no, no one, nobody, none, neither, neither...nor...等词替换上述词。如:
Both Mary and Joan are students →Neither Mary nor Joan is a student.
(2)含有already (已经),too (也)的肯定句加not变为否定句时,要分别把already和too改为yet和either。如:
He has already seen the movie. (变为否定句) →He hasn't seen the movie yet. I want to go for a picnic, too. (变否定句) →I don't want to go for a picnic,either.
(3)含有almost, many, much, often等词的肯定句可直接用never (hardly),few, little, seldom变为否定句,而不用加not。如:
He always stays up late in the evening. (变为否定句) →He never (hardly) stays up late in the evening.
There is much food in the fridge. (变为否定句)→There is little food in the fridge.
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3. 当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时,若要否定宾语从句,应注意否定转移现象。如:
I think you are right. 我认为你是对的。 I don't think you are right. 我认为你不对。 二、 一般疑问句的回答
一般情况下,含有情态动词的一般疑问句,回答时应用与问句相同的词,但有时也用其他情态动词来回答。
用情态动词may提问时,否定回答用mustn't, can't, may not。如: —May I smoke here?——我可以在这儿吸烟吗? —Yes, you may. ——是的,可以。 —No, you mustn't. ——不,绝对不可以。 —No, you can't. ——不,不可以。
提分策略
简单句的基本句型各有特色。例如:反意疑问句由“陈述句+简单问句”构成;感叹句由what或how引导;祈使句由动词原形开头等。考生要熟记简单句的各种句型,积累一些经典句型。根据句型特点解答有关试题。
【例】(2014·福建福州·32)— foggy day! —Something must be done to solve the haze problem. A. How B. What C. What a
【解析】 本题考查感叹句的用法。因为这里是形容词foggy后面加单数名词day, 用what来引导。所以选C。
【答案】 C
2. 通过语境判断答案解题过程中,考生要正确理解句意,根据语境,将答案代入题干,然后做出正确选择。
【例】(2014·江苏苏州·2)— do you go to the sports club? —At least once a week. A. How long C. How much
B. How often D. How far
【解析】 本题考查疑问词的用法。根据下句的回答“至少每周一次”,所以可知上句
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问的是动作发生的频率,所以上句的疑问词是how often。
【答案】 B
专项训练
1. (2014·内蒙古赤峰·37)—Have you heard of Zhang Lili? She was seriously hurt in an accident in order to save one of her students. — good teacher! A. How C. What a
B. What D. What an
2. (2014· 江苏常州·28)—Millie hardly did the housework after she bought the robot, ? — . She could relax and have time for her hobbies. A. did she; Yes C. didn't she; Yes
B. didn't she; No D. did she; No
3. (2014·山东德州·20)He's still not understood by his close friend although he has said sorry to him, ? A. hasn't he C. isn't he
B. has he D. is he
4. (2013·四川成都)— do you surf the Internet, Maria? —Twice a week. A. How long C. How soon
5. (2013·四川绵阳)—Don't smoke in the reading room, ? —I'm sorry. I won't do it again. A. will you C. do you
6. (2013·湖南长沙)— do you think of the film? —Very interesting. A. What C. How
7. (2013·天津)— nice dress it is!
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B. How often
B. shall we
B. Who