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汽车术语及定义
一、 车辆类型—GB/T 3730.1—88
1. 汽车—motor vehicle.
2. 货车(载货汽车)—motor truck.. 3. 微型货车—mini truck. 4. 轻型货车—light truck. 5. 中型货车—medium truck. 6. 重型货车—heavy truck.
7. 越野汽车—off—road vehicle.
8. 轻型越野汽车—light off—road vehicle. 9. 中型越野汽车—medium off—road vehicle. 10. 重型越野汽车—heavy off—road vehicle.
11. 超重型越野汽车—extra heavy off—road vehicle. 12. 自卸汽车—dump truck.
13. 轻型自卸汽车—light dump truck. 14. 中型自卸汽车—medium dump truck. 15. 重型自卸汽车—heavy dump truck. 16. 矿用自卸汽车—mining dump truck. 17. 牵引汽车—towing vehicle.
18. 半挂牵引汽车—semi—trailer towing vehicle. 19. 全挂牵引汽车—full—trailer towing vehicle. 20. 专用汽车—special purpose vehicle. 21. 厢式汽车—van. 22. 罐式汽车—tanker.
23. 起重举升汽车—crane/lift truck. 24. 专用自卸汽车—special tipper. 25. 仓栅式汽车—box/stake truck.
26. 特种结构汽车—special construction vehicle. 27. 客车—bus.
28. 微型客车—mini—bus. 29. 轻型客车—light bus. 30. 中型客车—medium bus.
31. 中型城市客车—medium city bus. 32. 中型长途客车—medium intercity bus. 33. 中型旅游客车—medium sightseeing bus. 34. 中型团体客车—medium private bus. 35. 大型客车—large bus.
36. 大型城市客车—large city bus. 37. 大型长途客车—large intercity bus. 38. 大型旅游客车—large sightseeing bus. 39. 大型团体客车—large private bus. 40. 特大型客车—extra bus. 41. 铰接客车—articulated bus. 42. 双层客车—double—deck bus. 43. 轿车—passenger car. 44. 微型轿车—minicar .
45. 普通级轿车—subcompact car. 46. 中级轿车—compact car.
47. 中高级轿车—intermediate car. 48. 高级轿车—limousine car.
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49. 半挂车—semi—trailer.
50. 轻型半挂车—light semi—trailer. 51. 中型半挂车—medium semi—trailer. 52. 重型半挂车—heavy semi—trailer.
53. 超重型半挂车—extra heavy semi—trailer.
二、 车辆质量—GB/T 3730.2—92
1. 底盘干质量—chassis dry mass;
2. 底盘整备质量—chassis kerb mass;
3. 底盘与驾驶室干质量—chassis and cab dry mass; 4. 底盘与驾驶室整备质量—chassis and cab kerb mass; 5. 整车干质量—complete vehicle dry mass; 6. 整车整备质量—complete vehicle kerb mass; 7. 最大总质量—maximum total mass;
8. 厂定最大总质量—maximum manufacturer’s total mass; 9. 允许最大总质量—maximum authorized total mass; 10. 最大装载质量—maximum laden mass;
11. 厂定最大装载质量—maximum manufacturer’s laden mass; 12. 允许最大装载质量—maximum authorized laden mass; 13. 最大轴载质量—maximum axle laden mass;
14. 厂定最大轴载质量—maximum manufacturer’s axle laden mass; 15. 允许最大轴载质量—maximum authorized axle laden mass; 16. 最大拖挂质量—maximum towed mass;
17. 厂定最大拖挂质量—manufacturer’s maximum towed mass; 18. 允许最大拖挂质量—authorized maximum towed mass; 19. 汽车列车最大总质量—maximum total mass of train;
20. 汽车列车厂定最大总质量—maximum manufacturer’s total mass of train; 21. 汽车列车允许最大总质量—maximum authorized total mass of train; 22. 铰接车最大总质量—maximum of an articulated vehicle;
三、 车辆尺寸—GB/T 3730.3—92
1. 车长—vehicle length;
2. 汽车长—motor vehicle length; 3. 全挂车长—full trailer length; 4. 半挂车长—semi- trailer length; 5. 车宽—vehicle width;
6. 车高(无装载质量) —vehicle height(unladen); 7. 轴距—wheel space;
8. 汽车及全挂车轴距—motor vehicle or full trailer wheel space; 9. 半挂车轴距—semi-trailer wheel space; 10. 轮距—track;
11. 前悬—front overhang; 12. 后悬—rear overhang;
13. 最小离地间隙—ground clearance; 14. 纵向通过角—ramp angle; 15. 接近角—approach angle; 16. 离去角—departure angle;
17. 车架高度—height of chassis above ground:
18. 驾驶室后车架最大可用长度(带驾驶室的车辆) —maximum usable length of chassis behind cab(vehicle with cab);
19. 车身长度—bodywork length;
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20. 轿车和客车车身长—bodywork length of passenger car and bus;
21. 带有驾驶室的底盘上的车身长度—bodywork length of chassis with driver’s cab; 22. 车箱(厢)内部最大尺寸—maximum internal dimensions of body; 23. 牵引架长—draw gear length; 24. 牵引杆长—drawbar length ;
25. 牵引装置的位置—position of towing attachment; 26. 牵引装置高度—height of towing attachment;
27. 牵引装置前置距—distance of towing attachment in front of rear of vehicle; 28. 牵引座前置距—fifth-wheel lead;
29. 长度计算用牵引座前置距—fifth-wheel lead for calculation of length;
30. 质量分配计算用牵引座前置距—fifth-wheel lead for calculation of mass distribution; 31. 牵引座结合高度—height of coupling face;
32. 牵引装置至车辆前端的距离—distance between towing device and front end of towing vehicle; 33. 牵引座牵引销孔至车辆前端的距离—distance between fifth-wheel coupling pin and front end of towing vehicle;
34. 半挂牵引车后回转半径—rear fitting radius of semi-trailer towing vehicle; 35. 半挂车间隙半径—rear tractor clearance radius of semi-trailer; 36. 半挂车前回转半径—front fitting radius of semi-trailer; 37. 车轮外倾—camber angle;
38. 主销内倾—kingpin inclination; 39. 主销偏移距—kingpin offset; 40. 前束—toe-in;
41. 主销后倾距—castor;
42. 车轮铅垂动行程—vertical clearance of wheel; 43. 车轮提升高度—lift of wheel;
44. 转弯直径—turning circle diameters; 45. 转弯通道圆—turning clearance circles.
四、 轿车车身术语—JB3653—84
(一)、设计术语
1. 车身—body; body assembly.
2. 车身本体—body shell; main body.
3. 车身机构—mechanical hard ware of body. 4. 车身覆盖件—cover panel; body outer panel. 5. 车身结构件—structural member; body structure.
6. 非承载式车身—body chassis frame construction; separate frame construction.
7. 承载式车身—unitary construction body; unit body construction; integral body; panel structure body. 8. 折背式车身—pontoon type; notch back body; three—box type body. 9. 直背式车身—fast back body; two—box type body. 10. 舱背式车身—hatch back body; two—box type body. 11. 短背式车身—cut—off back body; two—box type body. 12. 客厢—passenger compartment. 13. 发动机舱—engine compartment.
14. 行李箱—trunk; luggage compartment; luggage hold. 15. 车身前部—front body. 16. 车身后部—rear body. 17. 车身底部—under body. 18. 车身侧部—side body. 19. 车身裙部—skirt .
20. 腰线—waist line; belt line; door belt; fascia. 21. 开缝线—opening line.
22. 轮口—wheel opening; wheel arch.
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