骨盆矢状位参数对退行性腰椎滑脱疾病进展的影响
徐洪伟1,康信勇1,贺振年1,徐荣明2 (1宁波市北仑区人民医院;2. 宁波市第六医院)
摘 要 目的:探讨骨盆矢状位参数对退行性腰椎疾病的进展的影响。方法 回顾2008年1月~2012年12月资料完整的退行性腰椎滑脱症72例,男10例,女62例;年龄45~78岁,平均年龄70.33±9.02岁;单节段65例,两节段7例;Meyerding分类Ⅰ度48例,Ⅱ度24例,排除腰椎其它疾病及骨盆、双下肢畸形,在脊柱全长侧位片上测骨盆投射角(PI)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)及滑移度,并与50例健康成人比较。用t检验比较退行性腰椎滑脱病人与50例健康成人、Ⅰ度与Ⅱ度间骨盆参数值的差异。结果:退行性腰椎滑脱组中PI、SS值高于正常健康成人(P<0.001),退行性腰椎滑脱患者中Ⅱ度滑脱组PI值较Ⅰ度滑脱组高,差别有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:骨盆矢状位参数对退行性滑脱发展有影响,PI越大,发生退行性滑脱的风险增加,PI、SS越大,滑脱进展可能性越大。
关键词 骨盆参数;退行性腰椎滑脱;矢状位;
The effect of pelvic sagittal balance parameters in the progession of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis patients
Xu Hongwei1,Kang Xinyong1,He Zhennian1,Xu Rongming2 1.Beilun People’s Hospital of Ningbo City; 2.Ningbo NO.6 Hospital
Abstract Object To investigate the effect of pelvic sagittal balance parameters in the progression of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis patients. Method Seventy-two patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and complete datas , treated between January 2008 and December 2012, there are 10 males and 62 females with the age between 45 and 78 years, average age 70.33±9.02 years; 65 one single segment, 7 two segments; 48 in Meyerding Ⅰ,24 in Meyerding Ⅱ. Rule out other lumbar and pelvic diseases, low limbs malformation. The later standing radiographs of the spine and pelvic were analyzed retrospective. Radiographic parameters measured including pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT) and grade of spondylolisthesis. All measurements were done by the same
individual and compared to those of a cohort of 50 normal subjects. Student’s test was used to compare the parameters difference between the progression of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and the normal subjects, Meyerding Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Result PI,SS wre significantly greater in subjects with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis group than those of in the normal(P<0.001).PI was significantly higher those in the Meyerding Ⅱ group than those in the Meyerding Ⅰ group(P<0.001). Conclusion The pelvic parameters have a influence on the development of a degenerative spondylolisthesis. An increased PI appears to be at higher risk of occurrence of spondyloslisthesis , and an increased PI may be an important factor predisposing to progression in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.
Key Word: pelvic parameter; degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis; sagittal balance
退行性腰椎滑脱症是慢性腰腿痛原因之一,至今老龄化数量增加,其发病率也在增加,绝大退行滑脱发生在L4、L5椎段。脊柱骨盆的矢状位形态对退行性腰椎的发生发展有重要影响[1],两者间确切关系仍不清楚。本文回顾2008年1月~2012年12月治疗72例退行性腰椎滑脱症资料,测量骨盆矢状位参数,并与50例正常健康成人比较,Ⅰ度滑脱与Ⅱ度滑脱骨盆参数比较,分析探讨骨盆矢状位参数对退行性腰椎滑脱疾病进展的影响。 1 临床资料
1.1 一般资料 回顾2008年1月~2012年12月接受治疗的退行腰椎滑脱症的病人资料。符合入选标准的72例,72例,男10例,女62例;年龄45~78岁,平均年龄70.33±9.02岁;单节段65例,两节段7例;Meyerding分类Ⅰ度48例,Ⅱ度24例。选50例既往无脊柱、骨盆或髋关节疾病史、躯干和下肢体格检查正常的健康成人,男15例,女35例;年龄45~70岁,平均年龄70.33±9.02岁。两组中年龄资料没有统计学意义,P=0.562(见表1)。
1.2 入选标准 1、依据临床及影像学资料明确诊断为退行性腰椎滑脱;2、有完整且标准化的临床及影像学资料。
1.3 排除标准 1、既往有脊柱手术史;2、存在腰椎峡部裂或峡部性腰椎滑脱;3、存在骨盆、髋部病变或下肢不等长等畸形;4、合并有内固定器相关并发症;
5、既往有特发性或退变性脊柱侧弯(凸)史;6、脊柱感染史;7、严重风湿疾患;8、脊柱肿瘤。 2 方 法
2.1 术前检查 所有退行性腰椎滑脱症患者及对照组正常健康成人均脊柱全长正侧位片。测量骨盆矢状位参数。(1)骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI):垂直穿过骶骨终板中点的直线与骶骨终板中点和双侧股骨头中点的连线之间的夹角,若两则股骨头不重叠,则取两股骨头中心连线的中点。(2)骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT):股头中心(hip axis,HA)与骶骨上终板中心连线与经HA垂线的夹角。(3)骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS):骶骨终板平面与水平线之间的夹角。滑移度(Tarillard法)(如图1)。正常健康成人也测量相应的骨盆参数。所有测量由均采用Surgimap软件操作完成。
图1 滑移度测量
2.2 资料统计 用SPSS 21对正常健康成人与退行性腰椎滑脱症患者的骨盆参数建立数据库,对正常成人组与退行腰椎滑脱组患者的骨盆糁数以及Ⅰ度和Ⅱ度滑脱患者PI值采用t检验,P<0.05统计有意义。 3 结 果
表1中显示正常健康成人与退行性腰椎滑脱患者骨盆矢状位参数平均值见表1。退行性腰椎滑脱患者PI值52.67 o±4.99 o,高于正常健康成人组骨盆入射角(PI)值44.96 o±4.08 o,而且P值<0.001,两组间PI有显著性的差异。骶骨倾斜