Table 3. Basic Dimensions for Involute Splines ANSI B92.1-1970, R1993
渐开线花键基本尺寸 Pitch, P/Ps Circular Pitch, p 2.5 ?5 3 ?6 4 ?8 5 ?10 6 ?12 8 ?16 10 ?20 12 ?24 16 ?32 1.2566 1.0472 0.7854 0.6283 0.5236 0.3927 0.3142 0.2618 0.1963 Min Effective Space Width (BASIC), Sv min 最小作用弧齿槽宽（基本值） 30 deg Φ 0.6283 0.5236 0.3927 0.3142 0.2618 0.1963 0.1571 0.1309 0.0982 37.5degΦ 0.6683 0.5569 0.4177 0.3342 0.2785 0.2088 0.1671 0.1392 0.1044 45 deg Φ … … … … … … 0.1771 0.1476 0.1107 20 ?40 24 ?48 32 ?64 40 ?80 48 ?96 64 ?128 80 ?160 128 ?256 … 0.1571 0.1309 0.0982 0.0785 0.0654 0.0491 0.0393 0.0246 … Pitch, P/Ps Circular Pitch, p 30 deg Φ 0.0785 0.0654 0.0491 0.0393 0.0327 … … … … 37.5 deg Φ 0.0835 0.0696 0.0522 0.0418 0.0348 … … … … 45 deg Φ 0.0885 0.0738 0.0553 0.0443 0.0369 0.0277 0.0221 0.0138 … Min Effective Space Width (BASIC), Sv min Tooth Numbers.— The American National Standard covers involute splines having tooth numbers ranging from 6 to 60 with a 30- or 37.5-degree pressure angle and from 6 to 100 with a 45-degree pressure angle. In selecting the number of teeth for a given spline application, it is well to keep in mind that there are no advantages to be gained by using odd numbers of teeth and that the diameters of splines with odd tooth numbers, particularly internal splines, are troublesome to measure with pins since no two tooth spaces are diametrically opposite each other.
美国国家表准规定的渐开线花键压力角30度或37.5度的齿数围是6到60齿，压力角45度的齿数围是6到100齿。在选择花键齿数应用上，必须牢记的是：由于奇数齿两测量针规的中心连线距离不是（通过渐开线圆心的）直径值，所以选择奇数齿比选择偶数齿更为不利，特别是花键。
译注C1：偶数齿的形状是对称的，一边的齿中心和相对的另一边齿中心的连线，通过渐开线花键的圆心（节圆的圆心）。而奇数齿是不通过圆心的，所以奇数齿的测量难度更高。
Types and Classes of Involute Spline Fits.— Two types of fits are covered by the American National Standard for involute splines, the side fit, and the major diameter fit. Dimensional data for flat root side fit, flat root major diameter fit, and fillet root side fit splines are tabulated in this standard for 30-degree pressure angle splines; but for only the fillet root side fit for 37.5- and 45-degree pressure angle splines.
渐开线花键的配合类型和公差等级—本标准规定两种配合类型：齿侧配合和外径配合。30度压力角时，有平齿根齿侧配合、平齿根外径配合、圆齿根齿侧配合；37.5和45度压力角只有圆齿根齿侧配合。（见表2）
Side Fit: In the side fit, the mating members contact only on the sides of the teeth; major and minor diameters are clearance dimensions. The tooth sides act as drivers and centralize the mating splines.
齿侧配合：配合的零件只通过齿的侧面配合，大小径之间存在间隙。齿侧配合同时具有驱动和自定心功能。
Major Diameter Fit: Mating parts for this fit contact at the major diameter for centralizing. The sides of the teeth act as drivers. The minor diameters are clearance dimensions. 外径配合：用大径来定心，用侧面来驱动。小径具有间隙。
The major diameter fit provides a minimum effective clearance that will allow for contact and location at the major diameter with a minimum amount of location or centralizing effect by the sides of the teeth. The major diameter fit has only one space width and tooth thickness tolerance which is the same as side fit Class 5.
外径配合规定了一个最小作用侧隙，以用来连接或定位大径。跟齿侧一起，能得到一个小间隙和同心的效果。外径配合只有一个弧齿槽宽和弧齿厚公差，等同于齿侧配合中公差等级为5的公差值。
A fillet root may be specified for an external spline, even though it is otherwise designed to the flat root side fit or major diameter fit standard. An internal spline with a fillet root can be used only for the side fit.
外花键一般用圆齿根，也有其它情况采用平齿根的齿侧配合或外径配合。花键圆齿根只适用于齿侧配合。
Classes of Tolerances.— This standard includes four classes of tolerances on space width and tooth thickness. This has been done to provide a range of tolerances for selection to suit a design need. The classes are variations of the former single tolerance which is now Class5 and are based on the formulas shown in the footnote of Table 4. All tolerance classes have the same minimum effective space width and maximum effective tooth thickness limits so that a mix of classes between mating parts is possible.
公差等级—弧齿槽宽和弧齿厚规定了四种公差等级。这样就满足了设计是选择不同公差等级的需要。旧版中只有一种等级的公差，在本标准中规定为等级5，作为基本等级，见表4。各公差等级的最小作用弧齿宽和最大作用弧齿厚的值是相等的，这样允许不同公差等级的花键互配。
Table 4. Maximum Tolerances for Space Width and Tooth Thickness of Tolerance
Class 5 Splines ANSI B92.1-1970, R1993
(Values shown in ten thousandths; 20 = 0.0020 表中20=0.0020英寸)
Pitch, P/Ps 6 ?12 and 10?20 and 16?32 and 24?48 and 64 ?128 128 ?256 8 ?16 12 ?24 20 ?40 48 ?96 and 80?160 Machining Tolerance, m 加工公差 12.5 12 11.7 11.7 9.6 9.5 14 13 12.4 12.4 10.2 10 15.5 14 13.1 13.1 10.8 10.5 17 15 13.8 13.8 11.4 — 18.5 16 14.5 14.5 — — 20 17 15.2 15.2 — — — 18 15.9 15.9 — — — 19 16.6 16.6 — — — 20 17.3 17.3 — — — 21 18 18 — — Variation Allowance, λ 综合公差 17 15.7 14.2 12.2 11 9.8 19 17.4 15.4 13.4 12 10.6 21 19.1 16.6 14.6 13 11.4 23 21.6 17.8 15.8 14 — 25 22.5 19 17 — — 27 24.2 20.2 18.2 — — — 25.9 21.4 19.4 — — — 27.6 22.6 20.6 — — — 29.3 23.8 21.8 — — — 31 25 23 — — Total Index Variation 齿距累积偏差 15 15 14 12 11 10 18 17 15 13 12 11 20 19 16 15 14 13 22 20 18 16 15 — 25 22 19 17 — — 27 24 20 18 — — — 26 21 20 — — — 28 22 21 — — — 29 24 23 — — — 31 25 24 — — Profile Variation 齿形偏差 +5 +4 +3 +2 +2 +2 ?7 ?6 ?5 ?4 ?4 ?4 Lead Variation 齿向偏差 No.of 2.5 ?5 and 4 ?8 and Teeth 3 ?6 5 ?10 N 10 15.8 14.5 20 17.6 16 30 18.4 17.5 40 21.8 19 50 23 20.5 60 24.8 22 70 — — 80 — — 90 — — 100 — — N 10 23.5 20.3 20 27 22.6 30 30.5 24.9 40 34 27.2 50 37.5 29.5 60 41 31.8 70 — — 80 — — 90 — — 100 — — N 10 20 17 20 24 20 30 28 22 40 32 25 50 36 27 60 40 30 70 — — 80 — — 90 — — 100 — — N +7 +6 All ?10 ?8 Lg, in.配合长度英寸 Variation偏差值 0.3 2 0.5 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 4 7 5 8 6 9 7 10 8 11 9 12 10 13
For other tolerance classes: Class 4 = 0.71 × Tabulated value 等级4=0.71×基本值 Class 5 = As tabulated in table 等级5=定义为基本值 Class 6 = 1.40 × Tabulated value 等级6=1.40×基本值 Class 7 = 2.00 × Tabulated value 等级7=2.00×基本值
Fillets and Chamfers.— Spline teeth may have either a flat root or a rounded fillet root. 圆角和倒角—花键齿可以采用圆齿根或平齿根。
Flat Root Splines: are suitable for most applications. The fillet that joins the sides to the bottom of the tooth space, if generated, has a varying radius of curvature. Specification of this fillet is usually not required. It is controlled by the form diameter, which is the diameter at the deepest point of the desired true involute form (sometimes designated as TIF).
平齿根花键：能够应用在大多数场合。在花键同一齿槽上，两侧渐开线齿形各由一段过渡曲线与齿根（直径圆）相连接的花键。若用滚齿加工（展成法），这个圆弧的曲率是变化的。没必要指定这个圆弧的大小，它的围通常用“构成圆”来决定，“构成圆”在渐开线配合围的极限处。（有是候设计简称TIF）
When flat root splines are used for heavily loaded couplings that are not suitable for fillet root spline application, it may be desirable to minimize the stress concentration in the flat root type by specifying an approximate radius for the fillet.
若某种重载的场合不适用圆齿根，而采用平齿根时，应在平齿根的拐角处设计一个近似的圆弧，以减少接触应力。
Because internal splines are stronger than external splines due to their broad bases and high pressure angles at the major diameter, broaches for flat root internal splines are normally made with the involute profile extending to the major diameter.
由于花键在齿根处的材料基体更多、压力角更大，所以花键强度要大于外花键，在拉削加工（花键）时，渐开线花键的齿形一般延伸到大径处。
Fillet Root Splines: are recommended for heavy loads because the larger fillets provided reduce the stress concentrations. The curvature along any generated fillet varies and can not be specified by a radius of any given value.
圆齿根花键：推荐在重载荷情况下使用。它的圆角（比平齿根）更大，能有效减少应力集中。若用滚齿加工（展成法），这个圆弧的曲率是变化的，不能指定某一固定值。
External splines may be produced by generating with a pinion-type shaper cutter or with a hob, or by cutting with no generating motion using a tool formed to the contour of a tooth space. External splines are also made by cold forming and are usually of the fillet root design. Internal splines are usually produced by broaching, by form cutting, or by generating with a shaper cutter. Even when full-tip radius tools are used, each of these cutting methods produces a fillet contour with individual characteristics. Generated spline fillets are curves related to the prolate epicycloid for external splines and the prolate hypocycloid for internal splines. These fillets have a minimum radius of curvature at the point where the fillet is tangent to the external spline minor diameter circle or the internal spline major diameter circle and a rapidly increasing radius of curvature up to the point where the fillet comes tangent to the involute profile.
外花键可以用“插齿成型刀”加工，或者用滚铣刀，或者非滚齿的、与外花键齿形一致的花键工具。圆齿根的外花键也可以采用冷作成型的方式加工。花键通常用拉削、成型切削、插齿刀成型等来加工。即使使用的这些“圆角全一致的工具”，加工出来的单个齿形仍然是不同的。用展成法加工的倒圆角，关系到外花键的外摆线和花键的摆线。这些圆弧曲率半径是变化的，在圆弧与外花键小圆（或花键大圆）相切点为最小，沿圆弧逐渐增加，至外花键渐开线起点（或花键渐开线终点）附近为最大。
译注C2：冷作成型指的是不去除材料的方式，比如搓齿机成型。 译注C3：曲率变化见《3478.1-2008中》5 基本齿廓 5.5注
Chamfers and Corner Clearance: In major diameter fits, it is always necessary to provide corner clearance at the major diameter of the spline coupling. This clearance is usually effected
by providing a chamfer on the top corners of the external member. This method may not be possible or feasible because of the following:
在外径配合情况下，在（花键）大径处总是有必要指定一个“拐角裕度”。这种形式也通常用“在（外花键）齿顶处作一个倒角”来代替。然而，代替的这种情况，若有以下几个方面就不适合了：
a) If the external member is roll formed by plastic deformation, a chamfer cannot be pro- vided by the process.
外花键如果滚动成型、是塑性变形的，倒角就无法加工 b) A semitopping cutter may not be available. 半圆形刀具也无法加工倒角
c) When cutting external splines with small numbers of teeth, a semitopping cutter may reduce the width of the top land to a prohibitive point.
当分半切削小齿数的外花键时，半圆形刀具的加工容易使齿顶平面产生过切现象。
In such conditions, the corner clearance can be provided on the internal spline, as shown in Fig. 2.
若有以上情况，可用图2中的方法。
When this option is used, the form diameter may fall in the protuberance area. 如采用这个方法，“构成圆”的直径线，会被这个“corner”“掩盖”掉。
译注C4：图中的“Form Circle”为译者增加。
Form Circle Fig. 2. Internal corner clearance
Spline Variations.— The maximum allowable variations for involute splines are listed in Table 4.
花键偏差—花键最大综合偏差值见表4。
Profile Variation: The reference profile, from which variations occur, passes through the point used to determine the actual space width or tooth thickness. This is either the pitch point or the contact point of the standard measuring pins.
齿形偏差：用齿廓上发生偏差的一个点，来定义实际弧齿槽宽或实际弧齿厚。这个点可以是节圆（和齿廓）的交点，也可以是测量针规（和齿廓）的交点。
译注C5：在《ISO 4156-1》中，有图形说明，请参照图形理解。另在《3478.1-2008》表1中有定义。
Profile variation is positive in the direction of the space and negative in the direction of the tooth. Profile variations may occur at any point on the profile for establishing effective fits and are shown in Table 4.
齿形偏差是弧齿槽宽的正方向或者是弧齿厚的反方向。实际装配的时候，齿廓的任何点上都有可能发生偏差。