23篇经典文言文翻译练习及答案

23篇经典文言文翻译练习及答案

1.得道多助,失道寡助

天时不如地利,地利不如人和①。三里之

_______________________________________________________________________________ 城,七里之郭②,环⑨而攻之而不胜。夫环而

_______________________________________________________________________________ 攻之,必有得天时者矣,然而不胜者,是天时

_______________________________________________________________________________ 不如地利也。城非不高也,池③非不深也,兵

_______________________________________________________________________________ 革④非不坚利也,米粟非不多也,委⑤而去之,

_______________________________________________________________________________ 是地利不如人和也。故曰: 域⑥民不以封疆之

_______________________________________________________________________________ 界,固国不以山溪⑦之险,威天下不以兵革之

_______________________________________________________________________________ 利。 得道者多助,失道者寡助。寡助之至⑩,

_______________________________________________________________________________ 亲戚畔⑧之。多助之至,天下顺之。以天下之

_______________________________________________________________________________ 所顺,攻亲戚之所畔,故君子有不战,战必胜

_______________________________________________________________________________ 矣。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 【注释】

1[人和]人心所向,内部团结; 2[郭]外城; 3[池]护城河; 4[兵革]泛指武器装备 5[委]放弃;

6[域]这里用作动词,是限制的意思; 7[山溪]地势;

8[畔]通“叛”:背叛; 9[环]包围 10[至]极点

11[天时]指天然的时运,自然形成的时机,机会;一说天气和时令。

12[地利]地理优势。

2. 宋定伯捉鬼

南阳宋定伯,年少时,夜行逢鬼。问曰: ______________________________________________________________________________________ “谁?”鬼曰:“鬼也。”鬼曰:“汝复谁?”______________________________________________________________________________________定伯诳之,言:“我亦鬼。”鬼问:“欲至何 ______________________________________________________________________________________所?”答曰:“欲至宛市。”鬼言:“我亦欲 ______________________________________________________________________________________至宛市。”遂行数里。 ______________________________________________________________________________________鬼言:“步行太迟,可共递相担(共递相担:两______________________________________________________________________________________人交替地背着。)也。”定伯曰:“大善。”鬼______________________________________________________________________________________便先担定伯数里。鬼言:“卿太重,将非鬼也?”______________________________________________________________________________________定伯言:“我新鬼,故身重耳。”定伯因复担 ______________________________________________________________________________________鬼,鬼略无重。如是再三。定伯复言:“我新 ______________________________________________________________________________________死,不知鬼悉何所畏忌?”鬼答言:“惟不喜______________________________________________________________________________________人唾。”于是共行。道遇水,定伯令鬼先渡, ______________________________________________________________________________________听之,了然无声音。定伯自渡,漕漼作声。鬼 ______________________________________________________________________________________复言:“何以作声?”定伯曰:“新死,不习 ______________________________________________________________________________________渡水故耳,勿怪吾也。” 行欲至宛市,定 ________________________________________________________________________________伯便担鬼著肩上,急执之。鬼大呼,声咋咋(咋________________________________________________________________________________咋:惊叫的声音。)然,索下,不复听之。径________________________________________________________________________________至宛市中。下着地,化为一羊,便卖之。恐其________________________________________________________________________________变化,唾之。得钱千五百,乃去。 ________________________________________________________________________________于时石崇言:定伯卖鬼,得钱千五百文。

________________________________________________________________________________ 注释

1.诳:欺骗。 2.至:到 3.迟:慢。 4.畏忌:害怕。

5.负:背。 6.值:遇到。 7.作:发出。

8.唯:只,仅仅,唯独。 9.故:原因,缘故。 10.执:捉住。

11.共递:一起轮流交替。

3.黄生借书说

黄生允修借书。随园主人授以书而告之曰:书________________________________________________________________________________非借不能读也。子不闻藏书者乎?七略四库,天子________________________________________________________________________________之书,然天子读书者有几?汗牛塞屋,富贵家之书,________________________________________________________________________________然富贵人读书者有几?其他祖父积、子孙弃者无论________________________________________________________________________________焉。非独书为然,天下物皆然。非夫人之物而强假________________________________________________________________________________焉,必虑人逼取,而惴惴焉摩玩之不已,曰:今日________________________________________________________________________________存,明日去,吾不得而见之矣。若业为吾所有,必________________________________________________________________________________高束焉,庋藏焉,曰“姑俟异日观”云尔。

________________________________________________________________________________ 余幼好书,家贫难致。有张氏藏书甚富。往借________________________________________________________________________________不与,归而形诸梦。其切如是。故有所览辄省记。________________________________________________________________________________通籍后,俸去书来,落落大满,素蟫灰丝,时蒙卷________________________________________________________________________________轴。然后叹借者之用心专,而少时之岁月为可惜也。

________________________________________________________________________________ 今黄生贫类予,其借书亦类予。惟予之公书与________________________________________________________________________________张氏之吝书若不相类。然则予固不幸而遇张?生固________________________________________________________________________________幸而遇予乎?知幸与不幸,则其读书也必专,而其________________________________________________________________________________归书也必速。为一说,使与书俱。

________________________________________________________________________________ 注释

(1)选自《小仓山房文集》。 (2)生:古时对读书人的通称。 (3)授:交给,交付。

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