2018高考英语动词时态和语态精讲精练
在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。 时态 主动语态形式 被动语态形式 一般现在时 am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时 was/were/did was/were done 现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done 现在完成进行has/have been doing / 时 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 过去完成时 had done had been done 将来完成时 will/shall have done will /shall have been done will /shall do am/is/are going to do will /shall be done 一般将来时 am/is/are coming/leaving am/is/are to be done am/is/are to do am/is/are about to do would do was going to do would be done 过去将来时 was coming/leaving was/were to be done was to do was about to do 将来进行时 will /shall be doing / 考点1 一般现在时 一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。 练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空：
①I'll go there after I ________(finish) my work.
②The water will be further polluted unless some measures ________(take)． ③My train ________(leave) at 6：30.
④A snow ________(expect) to come next week. ⑤Here ________(come) the bus.
⑥This kind of cloth ________(wash) well.
⑦Don't take it away. It ________(belong) to me. ⑧He said water________(boil) at 100 ℃. 考点2 一般过去时和现在完成时
一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。
现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强
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调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。 请区别下列几组句子：
①He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦) He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)
②It's /has been two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了) It's/has been two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了) ③This is the first/second/...time (that) I have_visited the school. This was the first/second/...time I had_visited the school. ④ He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书) He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)
⑤I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人) I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人) 练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空：
①—I haven't seen you for ages. Haven't you graduated from college? —Yes. I________(study) English for four years in Nanjing University. ②Where ________ you________(put) my book? I can't find it anywhere.
③Although he has lived with us for years，he ________(not leave) us much impression by now.
④My brother is an actor. He ________(appear) in several films in the past few years. ⑤—Li Pin may not come tonight.
—But he ________(promise) the other day． 考点3 过去完成时和将来完成时
过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time，hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和no sooner...than... [注]表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：
①I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/... to do...，but... ＝I hoped/expected/... to have done...，but... ＝I would like/love to have done...，but...
将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。如：They will have completed the project by the end of next year. 练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空：
①Helen ________(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________(come) home.
②I ________(hope) to meet Mr. Thompson this morning，but I found nobody left in the room.
③By the time he ________(return) home，the work had been finished. By the time he returns home，the work ____________(finish)． ④We plan to reach the North Pole in mid－July，and by then we ____________(walk) for six weeks.
考点4 现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行时和将来进行时
现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况，计划、安排要做的事，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly连用；
过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，还可以表示过去的将来动作；
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现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感情色彩； 将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。 练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空：
①—Have you moved into the new house?—Not yet. The rooms ________(paint)． ②My father _____(fall) while he ______(ride) his bicycle and ______(hurt) himself. ③—Why are her eyes red?—She ____________(cry)．
④He ____________(fly) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.
⑤You ________ always ________(watch) TV. Why not do something more active? ⑥—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday? —No，but we ________(try) to get in touch with them ever since. 考点5 一般将来时
注意区别will do，be going to do，be about to do，be doing，be to do： ①will do表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势，此外，还表示临时决定；
②be going to do表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；
③be about to do表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用； ④有些动词如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态；
⑤be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该；想，打算；注定会”,可以用在if引导的句子里。
练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空： ①Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your safety belt. The plane________(take) off. ②Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 ________(take) off at 18：20. ③If you ____________(succeed)，you should work hard. ④Look at the dark clouds. It ____________(rain)．
⑤—The light is still on.—Sorry. I ________(go) and turn it off.
考点6 get＋过去分词 “get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。 练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空：
①The patient ______(treat) once a week.②He fell off the building and ______(kill)． 考点7 主动形式表示被动意义 需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况：
①当系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay等后面接形容词时；
②当cut，read，sell，wear，write 等词有状语easily，well等修饰时； ③measure，weigh，add up to后接数字时；
④在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The problem is easy to solve.
⑤need，want，require，deserve后接动名词主动形式，相当于to be done。如： The watch needs repairing.He deserves praising. ⑥be worth后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义。如：The book is well worth buying. ⑦固定短语be to blame，be to let(出租）。 练一练：
①The water ________ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A. was felt B. was to feel C. felt D. was to be felt ②I feel it is your husband who ________ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
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